[Bandeen-Roche K, Xue QL, Ferrucci L, Walston J, Guralnik JM, et al. 2006. Phenotype of frailty: characterization in the Women’s Health and Aging Studies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 61(3):262–6.10.1093/gerona/61.3.26216567375]Search in Google Scholar
[Barber SE, Forster A, Birch KM. 2015. Levels and patterns of daily physical activity and sedentary behavior measured objectively in older care home residents in the United Kingdom. J Aging Phys Activ 23(1):133–43.10.1123/JAPA.2013-0091]Search in Google Scholar
[Cawthon PM, Fox KM, Gandra SR, Delmonico MJ, Chiou CF, Anthony MS, et al. 2011. Clustering of strength, physical function, muscle, and adiposity characteristics and risk of disability in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 59(5):781–7.10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03389.x319637521568948]Search in Google Scholar
[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence and most common causes of disability among adults – United States, 2005. 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 58(16):421–6.]Search in Google Scholar
[Clegg A, Young J. 2011. The frailty syndrome. Clin Med 11(1):72–5.10.7861/clinmedicine.11-1-72587381121404792]Search in Google Scholar
[Ćwirlej-Sozańska AB, Wiśniowska-Szurlej A, Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska A, Sozański B. 2020. Factors associated with disability and quality of life among the oldest-old living in community in Poland – a cross-sectional study. Ann Agric Environ Med 27(4):621–9.10.26444/aaem/11502033356070]Search in Google Scholar
[Drygas W, Kwaśniewska M, Szcześniewska D, Kozakiewicz K, Głuszek J, Wiercińska E, et al. 2005. Ocena poziomu aktywności fizycznej dorosłej populacji Polski. Wyniki programu WOBASZ. Kardiol Pol 63:6 (suppl 4).]Search in Google Scholar
[Escorou E, Durrieu F, Chicoulaa, Dupouy J, Oustric S, Andrieu S, et al. 2020. Cognitive, functional, physical, and nutritional status of the oldest old encountered in primary care: a systematic review. BMC Fam Pract 21(1):58.10.1186/s12875-020-01128-7709982432220228]Search in Google Scholar
[Fisher KL, Harrison EL, Bruner BG, Lawson JA, Reeder BA, Ashworth NL, et al. 2018. Predictors of physical activity levels in community-dwelling older adults: a multivariate approach based on a socio-ecological framework. J Aging Phys Act 26(1):114–20.10.1123/japa.2016-028628595018]Search in Google Scholar
[Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J et al. 2001. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Medical Sci 56(3):146–57.10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146]Search in Google Scholar
[Furtado G, Patricio M, Loureiro M, Teixeira AN, Ferreira JP. 2017. Physical Fitness and Frailty Syndrome in Institutionalized Older Women. Percept Mot Skills 124(4):754–76.10.1177/003151251770991528560893]Search in Google Scholar
[Garner R, Tanuseputro P, Manuel DG, Sanmartin C. 2018. Transitions to long-term and residential care among older Canadians. Health Rep 129(5):13–23.]Search in Google Scholar
[García-Esquinas E, Andrade E, Martínez-Gómez D, Caballero FF, López-García E, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. 2017. Television viewing time as a risk factor for frailty and functional limitations in older adults: results from 2 European prospective cohorts. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 26, 14(1):54.10.1186/s12966-017-0511-1540697828446189]Search in Google Scholar
[Hicks GE, Shardell M, Alley DE, Miller RR, Bandinelli S, Guralnik J, et al. 2012. Absolute strength and loss of strength as predictors of mobility decline in older adults: the InCHIANTI study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 67(1):66–73.10.1093/gerona/glr055]Search in Google Scholar
[Ignasiak Z, Sebastjan A, Kaczorowska A, Skrzek A. 2020. Estimation of the risk of the frailty syndrome in the independent-living population of older people. Aging Clin Exp Res 32(11):2233–40.10.1007/s40520-019-01439-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Ignasiak Z, Sebastjan A, Sławińska T, Skrzek A, Czarny W, Król P et al. 2020. Functional fitness normative values for elderly polish population. BMC Geriatrics 20(1):384.10.1186/s12877-020-01787-2]Search in Google Scholar
[Motl RW, McAuley E. 2010. Physical activity, disability, and quality of life in older adults. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 21(2):299–308.10.1016/j.pmr.2009.12.006]Search in Google Scholar
[Kauppi M, Raitanen J, Stenholm S, Aaltonen M, Enroth L, Jylha M. 2018. Predictors of long-term care among nonagenarians: the Vitality 90 + Study with linked data of the care registers. Aging Clin Exp Res 30(8):913–9.10.1007/s40520-017-0869-6]Search in Google Scholar
[Langhammer B, Stanghelle JK. 2011. Functional fitness in elderly Norwegians measured with the Senior Fitness Test. Adv Physiother 13:137–44.10.3109/14038196.2011.616913]Search in Google Scholar
[Lesher EL, Berryhill JS. 1994. Validation of the Geriatric Depression Scale – short form among inpatients. J. Clin. Psychol. 50: 256–60.10.1002/1097-4679(199403)50:2<256::AID-JCLP2270500218>3.0.CO;2-E]Search in Google Scholar
[Marques EA, Baptista F, Santos R, Vale S, Santos DA, Silva AM, et al. 2014. Normative functional fitness standards and trends of Portuguese older adults: cross cultural comparisons. J Aging Phys Act. 22(1):126–37.10.1123/japa.2012-0203]Search in Google Scholar
[Martin FC, Ranhoff AH. 2021. Frailty and Sarcopenia. In: P Falaschi and D Marsh, editors. Orthogeriatrics: The management of older patients with fragility fractures. Cham (CH): Springer. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK565582/ [Accessed 4.05.2021]10.1007/978-3-030-48126-1_4]Search in Google Scholar
[Mudrak J, Stochl J, Slepicka P, Elavsky S. 2016. Physical activity, self efficacy and quality of life in older Czech adults. Eur J Ageing 13:5–14.10.1007/s10433-015-0352-1]Search in Google Scholar
[Pahor M, Guralnik JM, Ambrosius WT, Blair S, Bonds DE, Church TS, et al. 2014. Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: the LIFE study randomized clinical trial. JAMA 311(23):2387–96.10.1001/jama.2014.5616426638824866862]Search in Google Scholar
[Patel KV, Coppin AK, Manini TM, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, et al. 2006. Midlife physical activity and mobility in older age: the InCHIANTI study. Am J Prev Med 31(3):217–24.10.1016/j.amepre.2006.05.005264609216905032]Search in Google Scholar
[Puts MTE, Lips P, Deeg DJH. 2005. Sex differences in the risk of frailty for mortality independent of disability and chronic diseases. J Am Geriatr Soc 53:40–7.10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53008.x15667374]Search in Google Scholar
[Ralston M. 2018. The role of older persons’ environment in aging well: Quality of life, illness, and community context in South Africa. Gerontologist 58(1): 111–20.10.1093/geront/gnx091588170728655162]Search in Google Scholar
[Rikli R, Jones J. 2002. Measuring functional fitness of older adults. J Act Aging March–April, 23–30.]Search in Google Scholar
[Rikli R, Jones J. 2012. Development and Validation of Criterion-Referenced Clinically Relevant Fitness Standards for Maintaining Physical Independence in Later Years. Gerontologist 53(2):255267.]Search in Google Scholar
[Rowe JW, Kahn RL. 1997. Successful aging. Gerontologist 37(4): 433–40.10.1093/geront/37.4.4339279031]Search in Google Scholar
[Santos-Eggimann B, Cuénoud P Spagnoli J, Junod J. 2009. Prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and older community-dwelling Europeans living in 10 countries. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Medical Sci 64(6):675–81.10.1093/gerona/glp012280080519276189]Search in Google Scholar
[Simonsson B, Molarius A. 2020. Self-rated health and associated factors among the oldest-old: results from a cross-sectional study in Sweden. Arch Public Health; 78:6.10.1186/s13690-020-0389-2699617832025299]Search in Google Scholar
[Skalska A. 2016. Frailty – zespół słabości. Geriatria i opieka długoterminowa 4:1–4.]Search in Google Scholar
[Tkatch R, Musich S, Macleod S, Kraemer S, Hawkins K, Wicker ER, et al. 2017. A qualitative study to examine older adults’ perceptions of health: Keys to aging successfully. Geriatr Nurs 38(6):485–90.10.1016/j.gerinurse.2017.02.00928341064]Search in Google Scholar
[Van Malderen L, de Vriendt P, Mets T, Gorus E. 2016. Active ageing within the nursing home: a study in Flanders, Belgium. Eur J Ageing 13(3):219–30.10.1007/s10433-016-0374-3499250027610053]Search in Google Scholar
[Xue QL. 2011. The frailty syndrome: definition and natural history. Clin Geriatr Med 27(1):1–15.10.1016/j.cger.2010.08.009302859921093718]Search in Google Scholar
[Yilmaz O, Tufan F, Bahat G, Karan MA. 2016. Utilization of arm span instead of height in body mass index calculation in elderly subjects. Clin Interv Aging 11:285–6.10.2147/CIA.S103151478837427022253]Search in Google Scholar