The Journal of National Research Institute of Animal Production

Annals of Animal Science

Annals of Animal Science ONL

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> In this review paper we focused on the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), an n-6 fatty acid. It can be metabolized to many compounds having a broad effect in the body. Their homeostasis and human health depend on the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids. These compounds, taken together with the products of animal origin and vegetables should be better balanced in the human diet. This can be achieved by reducing arachidonic acid and its precursors through a diet that modifies the content of AA in animal products such as eggs, milk and meat</p></abstract>

Abstract

Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland

Keywords

<article-title>Metabolism of arachidonic acid, its concentration in animal products and influence on inflammatory processes in the human body: a review / Metabolizm kwasu arachidonowego, jego stężenie w produktach zwierzęcych i wpływ na procesy zapalne w organizmie człowieka – artykuł przeglądowy</article-title>

Metabolism of arachidonic acid, its concentration in animal products and influence on inflammatory processes in the human body: a review / Metabolizm kwasu arachidonowego, jego stężenie w produktach zwierzęcych i wpływ na procesy zapalne w organizmie człowieka – artykuł przeglądowy

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> The hypothalamus synthesizes molecules involved in the regulation of feeding behaviour. Nesfatin- 1 is a recently discovered substance expressed in both the brain and peripheral tissues and exerts a strong anorectic action. Nesfatin-1-immunoreactive cell bodies are distributed in arcuate (ARC), paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei, where the peptide has been found to be co-expressed with pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), oxytocin (OX) and vasopressin (VP). More detailed studies have shown a wide distribution of nesfatin-1-positive neurons in several brain areas, such as the forebrain, hindbrain, brainstem and spinal cord. Moreover, nesfatin-1 has been also expressed in peripheral tissues, colocalizing with ghrelin in the gastric mucosa and insulin in β-cells of the endocrine pancreas and adipose tissue. Functional studies have revealed that exogenous nesfatin-1 administered into the brain ventricles, subcutaneously or intraperitoneally, was able to decrease both food intake in the dark phase as well as body weight gain in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, recent findings suggest the involvement of nesfatin-1 in the control of insulin secretion as well as immune and stress-related responses. However, since there is still a deficiency of data concerning the nesfatin-1 receptor, the possible implementation of nesfatin-1 analogs during human metabolic disorders requires further study.</p></abstract>

Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland

Keywords 

<article-title>The role of nesfatin-1 in metabolism regulation: an overview / Rola nesfatyny-1 w regulacji metabolizmu: artykuł przeglądowy</article-title>

The role of nesfatin-1 in metabolism regulation: an overview / Rola nesfatyny-1 w regulacji metabolizmu: artykuł przeglądowy

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> In pigs, creatine is synthesized mainly in the liver, kidneys and pancreas from amino acids such as glycine, arginine and methionine. It is located mainly in skeletal muscle (approximately 95-98%) in the form of phosphocreatine. It is a source of energy for muscles, thus delaying the postmortem metabolism of glycogen and lactate formation and a decrease in pH during conversion of muscle to meat. Use of supplemental creatine monohydrate in pig feed may contribute to the improvement of pork quality parameters such as pH, colour, water holding capacity and drip loss. These parameters are also improved in pigs carrying the RN- and RYR1T gene. Creatine contained in meat can also be a precursor of heterocyclic aromatic amines mutagenic to humans, formed during thermal processing of meat.</p></abstract>

Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland

<article-title>The role of creatine in the organism of pigs and its effect on the quality of pork: a review / Rola kreatyny w organizmie świń i jej wpływ na jakość mięsa wieprzowego: artykuł przeglądowy</article-title>

The role of creatine in the organism of pigs and its effect on the quality of pork: a review / Rola kreatyny w organizmie świń i jej wpływ na jakość mięsa wieprzowego: artykuł przeglądowy

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> The paper describes a review of alternative methods of horse parasite control. Horses serve as hosts for a wide array of parasites, among which strongylid nematodes (Strongylidae) constitute considerable pathogens. Due to the short and monoxenous life cycle of these parasites and also the resistance to benzimidazole and other drugs, the control strategies are often ineffective. Thus, the treatment of strongylids constitutes a priority aiming at the improvement of animal welfare, with special attention paid to the stable and pasture organization. The treatment carried out in the stable should consider the frequent exchange of horse bedding at regular time intervals, periodic disinfection of stalls and maximum limitation of contact of feed and water with the stable substratum. An application of feed supplements, i.e. plants or plant extracts, which act as natural dewormers, also constitutes an important factor in the control of parasitic infections. Among the treatments applied to the pasture, the regular removal of waste, quarter pasturing, as well as an alternate pasturing with other animal species, are of special importance. The use of deworming properties of fungi, which constitute a natural component of green growth in pasture, seems to be the next method of nematode control, already confirmed by several studies.</p></abstract>

Department of Horse Breeding and Riding, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5a, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland

Institute of Biology, Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland

<article-title>Alternative methods for the control of gastrointestinal parasites in horses with a special focus on nematode predatory fungi: a review / Alternatywne metody kontroli pasożytów przewodu pokarmowego u koni ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem drapieżnych grzybów nicieniobójczych: artykuł przeglądowy</article-title>

Alternative methods for the control of gastrointestinal parasites in horses with a special focus on nematode predatory fungi: a review / Alternatywne metody kontroli pasożytów przewodu pokarmowego u koni ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem drapieżnych grzybów nicieniobójczych: artykuł przeglądowy

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> The genotyping efficiency and polymorphism of 7 microsatellite markers (AHT084, COR006, COR017, COR018, COR040, COR055, COR088) was evaluated in order to apply them to parentage testing among a number of warm-blooded, cold-blooded and primitive horse breeds and to illustrate genetic differences between the breeds investigated. The amplification and sequence structure of these STR markers was also verified in other Equidae like zebra, kulan, donkey and Przewalski horse. Microsatellite allelic differentiation was similar to the allele numbers reported, with an extremely wide allelic range observed at AHT084 locus. However, due to genotyping difficulties AHT084 is not a suitable marker for parentage testing. The use of the other 6 STR markers among most of the horse breeds studied allows excluding wrongly assigned parentage with a probability of 0.99. Fragment analysis and sequencing of STR alleles confirmed the presence of investigated tandem repeats in other Equidae species. Clustering of investigated horse breeds on the tree of Fst distance was consistent with their breeding history, clearly separating breeds into 3 horse types mentioned above.</p></abstract>

Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Krak��w, Poland

<article-title>Application of 7 STR markers for parentage testing and genetic distance study of Equidae / Zastosowanie siedmiu markerów STR do weryfikacji pochodzenia i badania dystansu genetycznego u koniowatych</article-title>

Application of 7 STR markers for parentage testing and genetic distance study of Equidae / Zastosowanie siedmiu markerów STR do weryfikacji pochodzenia i badania dystansu genetycznego u koniowatych

Application of 7 STR markers for parentage testing and genetic distance study of Equidae / Zastosowanie siedmiu marker��w STR do weryfikacji pochodzenia i badania dystansu genetycznego u koniowatych

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>The aim of the study was to find osteopontin gene (OPN) polymorphisms as potential mutations affecting the expression level of genes in the ovaries, uterus and oviduct of sows. The material consisted of 71 F1 sows (Polish Large White × Polish Landrace). In the first stage several polymorphisms in the promoter region, intron 6, exon 6 and 7 of the OPN gene were found. The parameters estimated were the frequency of alleles and genotypes, observed heterozygosity and gene diversity, PIC, and chi2 factors. Chi2 values allow for assessment of genetic equilibrium in the population. Thus, the loci OPNp3-4 and OPNe6-1 were in genetic disequilibrium while locus OPNe6-Knoll showed genetic equilibrium. Also real-time PCR analysis to determine the expression dynamics of the OPN gene in examined tissues was performed in relation to “housekeeping” genes. A comparison was made for relative expression in different tissues and different mutations. The highest expression pattern was observed in the oviduct. Based on the novel polymorphisms a significant correlation between the OPN genotype and OPN expression (mRNA) level in the ovary, oviduct, uterine body and uterine horn was observed. In the second stage, the levels of expression of the OPN gene in individual tissues, traits of reproductive performance and reproductive tract traits of sows were also compared. The expression levels in the uterine body and oviduct were related to the age of mating, cervical length, litter weight at birth, number of active nipples, age at slaughter and body weight at mating.</p></abstract>

Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland

Department of Pig Breeding, University of Technology and Agriculture, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland

<article-title>Polymorphisms of the osteopontin gene and level of its expression in the reproductive tract of sows / Polimorfizm w genie osteopontyny i poziom jej ekspresji w układzie rozrodczym loch</article-title>

Polymorphisms of the osteopontin gene and level of its expression in the reproductive tract of sows / Polimorfizm w genie osteopontyny i poziom jej ekspresji w układzie rozrodczym loch

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> Analyses were conducted on pedigrees of 845 animals registered at the Hovawart Club in Poland (113 dogs and their ancestors). The degree of inbreeding was calculated for the whole population (0.0026) and separately for male dogs (0.0021) and bitches (0.0031), and the coefficient of mean relationship was calculated for the entire population (0.0064), among male dogs (0.0064), among females (0.0073) and between males and females (0.0061). The inbreeding and relationship coefficients obtained are lower than those estimated for Polish populations of other dog breeds. The calculated effective number of founders (268) and ancestors (233) may indicate rather low genetic diversity. Preferences of breeders concerning coat colour were discussed. Black and tan coat dogs dominated at first, followed by blond ones, and over the last five of the analysed years black coat dogs emerged.</p></abstract>

Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Pozna�� University of Life Sciences Wo��y��ska 33, 60-637 Pozna��, Poland

Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, University of Agriculture, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krak��w, Poland

<article-title>Evaluation of inbreeding and relationship coefficients in Hovawart dogs and analysis of trends in coat colour changes / Ocena stopnia zinbredowania i spokrewnienia psów rasy hovawart oraz analiza tendencji zmian umaszczenia</article-title>

Evaluation of inbreeding and relationship coefficients in Hovawart dogs and analysis of trends in coat colour changes / Ocena stopnia zinbredowania i spokrewnienia psów rasy hovawart oraz analiza tendencji zmian umaszczenia

Evaluation of inbreeding and relationship coefficients in Hovawart dogs and analysis of trends in coat colour changes / Ocena stopnia zinbredowania i spokrewnienia ps��w rasy hovawart oraz analiza tendencji zmian umaszczenia

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> The first aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the trainer factor and the sex of the horse affect the heart rate (HR) of the trainer-horse pair. The second aim was to estimate the level of the trainer-horse pair’s emotions and to find the relationship of the HR between the trainer and the horse during the preliminary, natural-method training. The animals used in the study were 40 three-year-old purebred Arabian horses trained by two trainers from the Silversand Horsemanship School. Each trainer worked with 20 randomly selected horses, equally grouped by sex. The study was carried out during the first day of the training cycle. The aim was to have a horse accept a rider. The following items were subject to analysis: deconcentration, concentration, desensitizing, putting on the lungeing surcingle, and saddling. The emotional status of the horses and the trainers was evaluated based on HR variations which were measured by applying Polar S810 telemetric devices. The device produced continuous measurements with readings every 60 seconds. Two-factor analysis of variance and Pearson correlations were determined with the use of SAS software. Significance of differences between mean values was verified using Tukey’s test. The results obtained revealed that the sex of the trained horses was not an important factor in the evaluation of trainer’s emotions, despite the fact that fillies were characterized as having a more uniform HR. The trainer is very responsible for the emotions of a trained horse, especially at the beginning of training and during saddling. From a trainer’s point of view, it is important to complete the horse concentration task as quickly as possible. The lack of an emotional relationship in the trainer-horse pair during some training elements, suggests that it is not only the trainer’s experience, but mainly the trainer’s personality that determines the probable success in naturalmethod work.</p></abstract>

Department of Horse Breeding and Use, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland

Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland

<article-title>Emotional reactions of horses and trainers during natural method training / Reakcje emocjonalne koni i trenerów podczas treningu metodami naturalnymi</article-title>

Emotional reactions of horses and trainers during natural method training / Reakcje emocjonalne koni i trenerów podczas treningu metodami naturalnymi

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> Somatic cell cloning efficiency is determined by many factors. One of the most important factors is the structure-functional quality of nuclear donor cells. Morphologic criteria that have been used to date for qualitative evaluation of somatic cells may be insufficient for practical application in the cloning. Biochemical and biophysical changes that are one of the earliest symptoms in the transduction of apoptotic signal may be not reflected in the morphologic changes of somatic cells. For this reason, adult cutaneous or foetal fibroblast cells that, in our experiments, provided the source of genomic DNA for the cloning procedure had been previously analysed for biochemical and biophysical proapoptotic alterations with the use of live-DNA (YO-PRO-1) and plasma membrane (Annexin V-eGFP) fluorescent markers. In Groups IA and IB, the generation of nucleartransferred (NT) embryos using non-apoptotic/non-necrotic contact-inhibited or serum-starved adult cutaneous fibroblast cells yielded the morula and blastocyst formation rates of 125/231 (54.1%) and 68/231 (29.4%) or 99/237 (41.8%) and 43/237 (18.1%), respectively. In Groups IIA and IIB, the frequencies of embryos reconstituted with non-apoptotic/non-necrotic contact-inhibited or serum-starved foetal fibroblast cell nuclei that reached the morula and blastocyst stages were 171/245 (69.8%) and 97/245 (39.6%) or 132/227 (58.1%) and 63/227 (27.8%), respectively. In conclusion, contact inhibition of migration and proliferative activity among the subpopulations of adult dermal fibroblast cells and foetal fibroblast cells resulted in considerably higher morula and blastocyst formation rates of in vitro cultured cloned pig embryos compared to serum starvation of either type of fibroblast cell line. Moreover, irrespective of the methods applied to artificially synchronize the mitotic cycle of nuclear donor cells at the G0/G1 phases, developmental abilities to reach the morula/blastocyst stages were significantly higher for porcine NT embryos that had been reconstructed with non-apoptotic/non-necrotic foetal fibroblast cells than those for NT embryos that had been reconstructed with non-apoptotic/non-necrotic adult dermal fibroblast cells. To our knowledge, the generation of cloned pig embryos using abattoir-derived oocytes receiving cell nuclei descended from contact-inhibited or serum-deprived somatic cells undergoing comprehensive vital diagnostics for the absence of biochemical and biophysical proapoptotic alterations within their plasmalemmas has not been reported so far.</p></abstract>

Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland

<article-title>Creation of cloned pig embryos using contact-inhibited or serum-starved fibroblast cells analysed intravitam for apoptosis occurrence / Uzyskiwanie klonalnych zarodków świni z wykorzystaniem komórek fibroblastycznych poddanych inhibicji kontaktowej lub deprywacji troficznej oraz analizowanych przyżyciowo w kierunku apoptozy</article-title>

Creation of cloned pig embryos using contact-inhibited or serum-starved fibroblast cells analysed intravitam for apoptosis occurrence / Uzyskiwanie klonalnych zarodków świni z wykorzystaniem komórek fibroblastycznych poddanych inhibicji kontaktowej lub deprywacji troficznej oraz analizowanych przyżyciowo w kierunku apoptozy

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> Isoflavones are phytoestrogens which have estrogen-like activity in animals and humans. Because of this characteristic influence, the aim of this investigation was to examine the effect of genistein and daidzein on testicular weight and testosterone secretion in ISA Brown roosters. Genistein and daidzein as non-steroid phytoestrogens were added in large amounts to the feed of roosters. Soy isoflavones were added to rooster diets in amounts of 0, 300, 600, 1200 and 1800 mg/kg of feed. At the end of the 37th week no significant differences were found between the groups in testicular weight (P&gt;0.05) and testosterone secretion (P&gt;0.05) measured in the blood of birds. Blood testosterone concentration was significantly higher in younger (20-week-old) roosters than in 37-weekold roosters (P&lt;0.01). Genistein and daidzein present in the feed did not influence the weight of testes and no significant differences were found. Further studies are required to investigate the effect of isoflavones on other androgenic characteristics.</p></abstract>

Institute of Animal Science, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, bul. Ilinden br. 92a, Skopje, Macedonia

Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, bul. Aleksandar Makedonski bb, Skopje, Macedonia

<article-title>Effects of isoflavones on testicular weight and testosterone secretion in ISA Brown roosters</article-title>

Effects of isoflavones on testicular weight and testosterone secretion in ISA Brown roosters

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> A total of 300 growing-finishing pigs (30-110 kg BW), the offspring of Naima sows and Duroc boars, were allocated to three dietary treatments (five pens per treatment, 10 males and 10 females per pen). The growth performance of pigs was determined, and the apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy in animals fed grower diets was calculated by the simple balance method. Complete diets with a high content of triticale (70%-73%) and barley (6.8%-12%) were supplemented with endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (6200 EPU per g). The minimum xylanase activity per kg feed was 1050 and 1500 EPU. Xylanase, at activity levels of 1050 and 1500 EPU kg-1 complete diet, significantly (P≤0.05) increased the apparent digestibility of total protein and highly significantly (P≤0.01) that of crude fat. No significant differences in the digestibility of N-free extractives and energy were found between groups. The increased activity of xylanase (1500 EPU kg<sup>-1</sup> feed) contributed to an increase in the digestibility of dry matter, crude fibre (P≤0.05) and organic matter (P≤0.01), compared with the control group. Higher (P≤0.01) daily gains and average final body weights were noted in pigs fed diets supplemented with the mono-enzyme preparation. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) tended to improve in pigs receiving xylanase-supplemented diets, but the observed differences were statistically non-significant.</p></abstract>

Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland

<article-title>Effect of xylanase supplementation to cereal-based diets on apparent fecal digestibility and growth performance of pigs / Wpływ suplementacji diet z udziałem zbóż ksylanazą na pozorną strawność kałową i wskaźniki tuczu świń</article-title>

Effect of xylanase supplementation to cereal-based diets on apparent fecal digestibility and growth performance of pigs / Wpływ suplementacji diet z udziałem zbóż ksylanazą na pozorną strawność kałową i wskaźniki tuczu świń

Effect of xylanase supplementation to cereal-based diets on apparent fecal digestibility and growth performance of pigs / Wp��yw suplementacji diet z udzia��em zb���� ksylanaz�� na pozorn�� strawno���� ka��ow�� i wska��niki tuczu ��wi��

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> The effect of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), used in grower-finisher diets with or without supplemental enzymes, on growth performance and carcass and meat quality was determined in an experiment with 48 pigs. Group I (control) received a standard grain-soybean meal mixture without DDGS and without enzymes; Group II was fed a mixture containing 15% (grower) or 20% (finisher) of corn DDGS but without the enzymes; Group III received a mixture containing 15% (grower) or 20% (finisher) of corn DDGS with NSP-hydrolyzing enzymes (200 g t-1). The feed mixtures were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. All pigs were fattened from 30 to 112 kg. At the end of the experiment all pigs were slaughtered, right carcass sides were evaluated and samples of longissimus muscle were taken for analysis. Inclusion of corn DDGS did not significantly affect pig fattening results and meat quality. The addition of NSP-hydrolyzing enzymes to feed mixtures containing corn DDGS tended to positively influence pig performance. The carcasses of pigs receiving the diet with corn DDGS and NSP-hydrolyzing enzymes were characterized by thinner backfat and greater weight of the primal cuts.</p></abstract>

District Veterinary Inspectorate, 05-600 Grójec, Poland

<article-title>Effect of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets with NSP-hydrolyzing enzymes on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of pigs / Wpływ DDGS z kukurydzy w mieszankach z udziałem enzymów hydrolizujących NSP na wyniki tuczu, cechy półtuszy oraz jakość mięsa świń</article-title>

Effect of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets with NSP-hydrolyzing enzymes on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of pigs / Wpływ DDGS z kukurydzy w mieszankach z udziałem enzymów hydrolizujących NSP na wyniki tuczu, cechy półtuszy oraz jakość mięsa świń

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that eggs from native breed laying hens fed a diet containing increased amounts of local feed materials are not inferior in quality to eggs from laying hens receiving a standard diet but raised without outdoor access. The study involved Greenleg Partridge (Z-11) and Rhode Island Red hens (R-11). Within each breed, the control group (C) consisted of 60 hens kept on litter without outdoor access, stocked at 5 birds/m2 and fed a diet containing 65.3% of local feed materials. The experimental group (E) contained 60 layers maintained on litter with access to an outdoor area (11 m2 per bird) and fed a diet containing 77.1% of local feed materials. Eggs from hens of both breeds, which received diets containing increased proportions of local feed materials had lower weight but higher yolk percentage. The quality of eggshells from hens fed the diet with increased amounts of local materials was similar to that of eggshells from confined hens. Egg yolk lipids from experimental groups were characterized by a more beneficial n-6/n-3 acid ratio and elevated vitamin A levels. These eggs had better sensory scores for colour, flavour and aroma, which suggests that it is appropriate to raise native breeds of chickens with outdoor access and local feed materials can be used in extensive husbandry systems.</p></abstract>

Department of Animal Genetic Resources Conservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland

Department of Animal Production and Poultry Products Evaluation, University of Rzeszów, M. Ćwiklińskiej 2, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland

<article-title>Effect of outdoor access and increased amounts of local feed materials in the diets of hens covered by the gene-pool protection programme for farm animals in Poland on quality of eggs during peak egg production / Wpływ dostępu do wybiegu i zwiększonego udziału krajowych komponentów paszowych w żywieniu rodów kur objętych programem ochrony na jakość jaj w szczycie nieśności</article-title>

Effect of outdoor access and increased amounts of local feed materials in the diets of hens covered by the gene-pool protection programme for farm animals in Poland on quality of eggs during peak egg production / Wpływ dostępu do wybiegu i zwiększonego udziału krajowych komponentów paszowych w żywieniu rodów kur objętych programem ochrony na jakość jaj w szczycie nieśności

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> The aim of the study was to determine the degree to which different whole milk feeding systems according to ecological standards affect the results of rearing, some blood biochemical and haematological parameters, and health status of Polish Holstein-Friesian calves. The experiment was conducted from birth to 150 days of age with 32 calves (16 heifer and 16 bull calves), assigned to four analogous groups (8 animals: 4 ♀ and 4 ♂ per group). In group I, calves suckled colostrum (ad </p><p>libitum) and mother’s milk from 5 to 90 days of age (twice daily for 30 minutes); in group II, they suckled colostrum (ad libitum), mother’s milk from 5 to 42 days of age (twice daily for 30 minutes), and received milk from nipple buckets (6 l twice daily) from 43 to 90 days of age; in groups III and IV calves received from nipple buckets a limited amount of colostrum (4.5-6 l/day) and milk (on average 5.82 and 4.82 l/day, respectively). Feeding limited whole milk from nipple buckets to the calves did not cause significant differences in haematological blood indices, serum concentrations of glucose and IgG, and health status of calves compared to those suckling their mothers. Calves which remained with their mothers during colostrum feeding were characterized by a significantly lower concentration of serum cortisol at 2 days of age compared to calves that received colostrum from nipple buckets. Compared to the calves suckling their mothers (group I), the use of economical milk feeding system (III and IV groups) reduced rearing costs and increased the amount of milk intended for sale by 700-760 l/cow.</p></abstract>

Experimental Station Chorzelów Ltd. of the National Research Institute of Animal Production, 39-331 Chorzelów, Poland

<article-title>Optimization of rearing dairy breed calves according to organic principles / Optymalizacja odchowu cieląt ras mlecznych według wymogów ekologicznych</article-title>

Optimization of rearing dairy breed calves according to organic principles / Optymalizacja odchowu cieląt ras mlecznych według wymogów ekologicznych

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> The aim of the study was to determine iron status in chosen organs of the European bison free ranging in Białowieża Primeval Forest. The material for analyses was obtained from animals eliminated during annual selection. Segments of liver, kidney, muscle, rib, and hoof were collected. Animals were divided depending on gender (males and females) and age (calves up to 1 year and animals older than 2 years). Mean iron concentration in liver was 263.59 mg ∙ kg<sup>-1</sup> fresh tissue. The iron content was significantly higher in the group of animals older than 2 years (P≤0.05). The average content of iron in kidneys amounted to 156.70 mg ∙ kg-1 fresh tissue. The average iron content in muscles amounted to 79.95 mg ∙ kg<sup>-1</sup> fresh tissue. Similarly to the liver samples a statistically significant difference (P≤0.05) was demonstrated depending on age. The average iron content in ribs and in the horn of the hoof wall of all European bison amounted to 38.90 mg ∙ kg<sup>-1</sup> fresh tissue and 47.87 mg ∙ kg<sup>-1</sup> dry matter, respectively. No statistically significant differences in the iron content were observed depending on gender.</p></abstract>

Department of Biology of Animal Environment, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland

Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland

<article-title>The iron content in organs of free ranging European bison from the Białowieża herd / Zawartość żelaza w tkankach żubra ze stada białowieskiego</article-title>

The iron content in organs of free ranging European bison from the Białowieża herd / Zawartość żelaza w tkankach żubra ze stada białowieskiego

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p>This study presents an analysis of the yeast-like fungi population in the healthy horses’ living environment. The study material was sampled from various elements and equipment of a stable. We compared the yeast-like fungi population from the breeding environment of five groups of horses (English Thoroughbred horses, Arabian horses, Polish Half-Bred horses, cold-blooded horses, and Hucul horses and Highland ponies). The samples were collected in the summer and winter period. The laboratory examination involved 260 samples and resulted in identification of yeast-like fungi belonging to 13 species. Over 50% of the samples collected from the horse environment in wintertime and fewer than 18% of the summer samples displayed fungal growth. The largest amounts of yeast fungi were isolated from samples collected from water and feed troughs. The laboratory analysis demonstrated qualitative diversity of the yeast-like fungi population depending on the breeding environment of the individual horse groups. Quantitative differences of isolates were additionally related to the season of the year.</p></abstract>

Department of Animal and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology

Department of Biological Bases of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology

Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland

<article-title>Current status of prevalence of yeast-like fungi in the environment of horses bred in Poland / Aktualny status występowania grzybów drożdżopodobnych w środowisku hodowlanym koni w Polsce</article-title>

Current status of prevalence of yeast-like fungi in the environment of horses bred in Poland / Aktualny status występowania grzybów drożdżopodobnych w środowisku hodowlanym koni w Polsce

<abstract xml:lang="pl"><title style='display:none'>Streszczenie</title><p><bold/> Badania powtarzalności i odtwarzalności przeprowadzono na 72 próbkach. Określono najważniejsze parametry walidacji, w tym składowe niepewności. Wyniki analiz porównano z wartościami referencyjnymi. Powtarzalność i odtwarzalność metody nie przekraczały 8 i 10%, odpowiednio. LOQ w oznaczanym roztworze próbki mleka wynosił 14 μg/L. Zakres roboczy krzywej kalibracji wynosił od 7 do 200 μg/L. Niepewność metody (P≤0,05) uwzględniająca błędy odtwarzalności wewnątrzlaboratoryjnej, odzysku, czystości wzorca oraz błędy szkła miarowego wynosiła (%) 17.8 i 22.8 (n = 2 i n = 1). Podczas wykonywania rutynowych analiz powinien być sprawdzany współczynnik zmienności dla powtarzalności, który nie powinien przekraczać granicy powtarzalności wynoszącej 16%. Metoda cechuje się wystarczającą wiarygodnością, co zostało potwierdzone wynikami walidacji. Procedura jest szybka, prosta i ma niską wartość LOQ. Metodę akredytowano zgodnie z normą ISO/IEC 17025:2005.</p></abstract>

Streszczenie

Central Laboratory, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland

Collegium Medicum, Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University, 31-501 Kraków, Poland

<article-title>Performance characteristics of a rapid method for iodine determination in milk / Szybka metoda oznaczania jodu w mleku – walidacja i akredytacja zgodnie z normą ISO/IEC 17025:2005</article-title>

Performance characteristics of a rapid method for iodine determination in milk / Szybka metoda oznaczania jodu w mleku – walidacja i akredytacja zgodnie z normą ISO/IEC 17025:2005

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> The aim of this study was to compare major biochemical properties of nutria meat with relevant composition and texture data of rabbit carcasses. The meat from nutria m. semimembranosus (MS; thigh muscle) contained 29.54% dry matter (DM), 20.05% total protein (TP), 7.83% total fat (TF) and 1.23% total ash (TA). The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) was lower in nutria than in rabbit meat (0.55-0.58 and 0.93-0.94, respectively). The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was 15.3 (MS) and 11.22 (m. longissimus dorsi, MLD; loin) in nutria meat and 7.55 and 8.08 respectively in rabbit meat, which appeared more beneficial for the consumer. Among the most important texture parameters, hardness ranged from 66 for MS to 73 N for MLD, and overall chewiness was 23 N. The collagen content was between 0.68 and 0.72%. The results show that in comparison with rabbit meat, nutria meat has valuable properties and is recommended for the human diet.</p></abstract>

Department of Poultry and Fur Animal Breeding and Animal Hygiene, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Institute for Animal Husbandry, Autoput 16, 11080 Zemun, Republic of Serbia

Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Kraków, Poland

<article-title>A comparison of selected biochemical characteristics of meat from nutrias (Myocastor coypus Mol.) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / Porównanie wskaźników biochemicznych mięsa nutrii (Myocastor coypus Mol.) i królików (Oryctolagus cuniculus)</article-title>

A comparison of selected biochemical characteristics of meat from nutrias (Myocastor coypus Mol.) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / Porównanie wskaźników biochemicznych mięsa nutrii (Myocastor coypus Mol.) i królików (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title><p><bold/> The purpose of this study was to analyse the colour of the breast muscles of Japanese Pharaoh quail on the first day after slaughter and again after further six days of cold storage, in relation to their muscle pH. The material for the study consisted of 40 breast muscles taken from the carcasses of six-week-old Japanese Pharaoh quail. Based on pH results, the muscles were divided into three groups: I (pH = 5.51-5.70), II (pH = 5.71-5.90) and III (pH = 5.91-6.10). After this the muscles were stored for a further 6 days at 4°C. It was found that the pH of freshly dissected quail breast muscle is a good indicator of the colour stability of muscles cold-stored at 4°C for six days. The lowest degree of colour stability was observed in the pH range 5.51-5.70. In the sensory evaluation muscles displaying this degree of colour instability were considered unacceptable or barely acceptable. In contrast, muscles in the pH ranges 5.71-5.90 and 5.91-6.10 displayed a high degree of colour stability and were considered acceptable in the sensory evaluation. The colour changes that occurred during storage of the muscles were due to changes in the values of all of the colour parameters (L*, a*, b*, C* and hº); however, the greatest changes were found in the case of redness (a*) and the hue angle (hº). The changes were caused both by alterations in the amount of pigment reached by light, and by changes in the relative amounts of the chemical forms of myoglobin.</p></abstract>

Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Judyma 24, 71-466 Szczecin, Poland

<article-title>The relationship between colour and pH in cold-stored quail breast muscle / Zależność między barwą a pH w mięśniach piersiowych przepiórek przechowywanych w warunkach chłodniczych</article-title>

The relationship between colour and pH in cold-stored quail breast muscle / Zależność między barwą a pH w mięśniach piersiowych przepiórek przechowywanych w warunkach chłodniczych

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<p> <em>Annals of Animal Science</em> ist in den folgenden Services indiziert: </p> <ul> <li> AGRICOLA (National Agricultural Library) </li> <li> AGRO </li> <li> Baidu Scholar </li> <li> Cabell's Whitelist </li> <li> CABI (over 50 subsections) </li> <li> Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) - CAplus </li> <li> Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) - SciFinder </li> <li> CNKI Scholar (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) </li> <li> CNPIEC - cnpLINKer </li> <li> Dimensions </li> <li> EBSCO </li> <li> ExLibris </li> <li> FSTA - Food Science &amp; Technology Abstracts </li> <li> Genamics JournalSeek </li> <li> GoOA </li> <li> Google Scholar </li> <li> Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) </li> <li> J-Gate </li> <li> Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition </li> <li> JournalGuide </li> <li> JournalTOCs </li> <li> KESLI-NDSL (Korean National Discovery for Science Leaders) </li> <li> MyScienceWork </li> <li> Naver Academic </li> <li> Naviga (Softweco) </li> <li> Polish Scientific Journals Contents </li> <li> ProQuest </li> <li> Publons </li> <li> QOAM (Quality Open Access Market) </li> <li> ReadCube </li> <li> Reaxys </li> <li> SCImago (SJR) </li> <li> SCOPUS </li> <li> Semantic Scholar </li> <li> Sherpa/RoMEO </li> <li> TDNet </li> <li> Ulrich's Periodicals Directory/ulrichsweb </li> <li> WanFang Data </li> <li> Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded </li> <li> WorldCat (OCLC) </li> <li> X-MOL </li> </ul>

<P><STRONG>Editor-in-Chief<BR></STRONG>Sylwester ��wi��tkiewicz, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Poland </P> <P><STRONG>Deputy Editor-in-Chief<BR></STRONG>Maria Skrzyszowska, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Poland </P> <P><STRONG>Editorial Advisory Board<BR></STRONG>J��drzej Krupi��ski (Chairman), National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krak��w, Poland<BR>Franciszek Brz��ska, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krak��w, Poland<BR>Josef Bulla, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic<BR>Kay-Uwe G��tz, Bayerische Landesanstalt f��r Landwirtschaft, Poing-Grub, Germany<BR>J��rg Hartung, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany<BR>Eugeniusz Herbut, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krak��w, Poland <BR>Jaros��aw Horba��czuk, Institute of Genetic and Animal Biotechnology Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrz��biec, Poland<BR>Dymitr Kaliszewicz, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland<BR>El��bieta Martyniuk, Warsaw University of Life Sciences ��� SGGW, Warszawa, Poland<BR>Gra��yna Ptak, Universita `Degli Studi di Teramo, Italy<BR>Ji��i Rube��, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic<BR>Ryszard S��omski, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Pozna��, Poland<BR>Zdzis��aw Smor��g, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krak��w, Poland<BR>Vasyl Vlizlo, Institute of Animal Biology, Lviv, Ukraine<BR>Jacek W��jtowski, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Pozna��, Poland<BR>Zenon Zdu��czyk, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland </P> <P><STRONG>Language Editors<BR></STRONG>Jerzy Pilawski, National Institute of Animal Production, Poland </P> <P><STRONG>Technical Editors<BR></STRONG>Katarzyna Skupniewicz, National Institute of Animal Production, Poland<BR>Magdalena Bielska, National Institute of Animal Production, Poland<BR>Danuta Dobrowolska, National Institute of Animal Production, Poland </P> <P><STRONG>Contact<BR></STRONG>National Institute of Animal Production,<BR>2, Sarego Street, 31-047 Krakow<BR>tel. +48 666 081 412<BR>email: <A href="mailto:katarzyna.skupniewicz@iz.edu.pl">katarzyna.skupniewicz@iz.edu.pl</A><BR><A href="http://www.izoo.krakow.pl/en/periodicals">www.izoo.krakow.pl/en/periodicals</A> </P> <P><STRONG>Publisher<BR></STRONG>De Gruyter Poland<BR>Bogumi��a Zuga 32A Str.<BR>01-811 Warsaw, Poland<BR>T: +48 22 701 50 15 </P>

<DIV align=left> <P>Please submit your manuscripts to Annals of Animal Science via email to:<BR><A href="mailto:katarzyna.skupniewicz@iz.edu.pl">katarzyna.skupniewicz@iz.edu.pl</A> </P><BR> <P><STRONG>Open Access License</STRONG> </P> <P>This journal provides immediate open access to its content under the <A href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons BY 4.0 license</A>. Authors who publish with this journal retain all copyrights and agree to the terms of the above-mentioned CC BY 4.0 license. </P> <P><STRONG>Open Access Statement</STRONG> </P> <P>The journal is an Open Access journal that allows a free unlimited access to all its contents without any restrictions upon publication to all users. </P> </DIV>

<p> Online ISSN: 2300-8733 </p> <p> Annals of Animal Science accepts original papers and reviews from the different topics of animal science: genetic and farm animal breeding, the biology, physiology and reproduction of animals, animal nutrition and feedstuffs, environment, hygiene and animal production technology, quality of animal origin products, economics and the organization of animal production. </p> <p> From 2022, the Annals of Animal Science will be available online only. </p> <p> <strong>Why subscribe and read</strong> </p> <p> Annals of Animal Science is the wide-spectrum journal, included manuscripts from the different areas of animal science discipline, that may be of significance for international readers. Published papers are submitted not only by Polish authors, but also from many other countries. </p> <p> <strong>Why submit</strong> </p> <p> Annals of Animal Science is open access journal that publishes papers which are accessible to an international audience and indexed by many abstracting and full-text databases, for instance Thomson-Reuters. </p> <p> <strong>Archiving</strong> </p> <p> Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in <a href="https://www.portico.org/">Portico</a> - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections. </p><strong></strong> <p> <strong>Plagiarism Policy</strong> </p> <p> The editorial board is participating in a growing community of <a href="https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/">Similarity Check System's</a> users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. </p>

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Revista y Edición

Annals of Animal Science

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Volumen 13 (2013): Edición 2 (April 2013)

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Artículos

Review

Genetics and farm animal breeding

The biology, physiology and reproduction of animals

Animal nutrition and feedstuffs

Environment, hygiene and animal production technology

Quality and safety of animal origin products