This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Wells SA Jr, Asa SL, Dralle H, Elisei R, Evans DB, Gagel RF, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2015; 25: 567-610. doi: 10.1089/thy.2014.0335WellsSA JrAsaSLDralleHEliseiREvansDBGagelRFet alRevised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma20152556761010.1089/thy.2014.0335449062725810047Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Trimboli P, Seregni E, Treglia G, Alevizaki M, Giovanella L. Procalcitonin for detecting medullary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22: R157-164. doi: 10.1530/ERC-15-0156TrimboliPSeregniETregliaGAlevizakiMGiovanellaLProcalcitonin for detecting medullary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review201522R15716410.1530/ERC-15-015625934688Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Trimboli P, Giovanella L. Serum calcitonin negative medullary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review of the literature. Clin Chem Lab Med 2015; 53: 1507-14. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2015-0058TrimboliPGiovanellaLSerum calcitonin negative medullary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review of the literature20155315071410.1515/cclm-2015-005825781697Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Trimboli P, Giovanella L, Crescenzi A, Romanelli F, Valabrega S, Spriano G, et al. Medullary thyroid cancer diagnosis: an appraisal. Head Neck 2014; 36: 1216-23. doi: 10.1002/hed.23449TrimboliPGiovanellaLCrescenziARomanelliFValabregaSSprianoGet alMedullary thyroid cancer diagnosis: an appraisal20143612162310.1002/hed.2344923955938Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Viola D, Elisei R. Management of medullary thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2019; 48: 285-301. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2018.11.006ViolaDEliseiRManagement of medullary thyroid cancer20194828530110.1016/j.ecl.2018.11.00630717909Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Trimboli P, Giovanella L, Valabrega S, Andrioli M, Baldelli R, Cremonini N, et al. Ultrasound features of medullary thyroid carcinoma correlate with cancer aggressiveness: a retrospective multicenter study. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2014; 33: 87. doi: 10.1186/s13046-014-0087-4TrimboliPGiovanellaLValabregaSAndrioliMBaldelliRCremoniniNet alUltrasound features of medullary thyroid carcinoma correlate with cancer aggressiveness: a retrospective multicenter study2014338710.1186/s13046-014-0087-4421904225344474Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Skoura E. Depicting medullary thyroid cancer recurrence: the past and the future of nuclear medicine imaging. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2013; 11: e8156. doi: 10.5812/ijem.8156SkouraEDepicting medullary thyroid cancer recurrence: the past and the future of nuclear medicine imaging201311e815610.5812/ijem.8156396898124719630Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ozkan ZG1, Kuyumcu S, Uzum AK, Gecer MF, Ozel S, Aral F, et al. Comparison of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT, 18F-FDG PET-CT and 99mTc-(V) DMSA scintigraphy in the detection of recurrent or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Nucl Med Commun 2015; 36: 242-50. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000000240OzkanZG1KuyumcuSUzumAKGecerMFOzelSAralFet alComparison of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT, 18F-FDG PET-CT and 99mTc-(V) DMSA scintigraphy in the detection of recurrent or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma2015362425010.1097/MNM.000000000000024025369749Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Artiko V, Afgan A, Petrović J, Radović B, Petrović N, Vlajković M, et al. Evaluation of neuroendocrine tumors with 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC TOC. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur 2016; 19: 99-103. doi: 10.5603/NMR.2016.0020ArtikoVAfganAPetrovićJRadovićBPetrovićNVlajkovićMet alEvaluation of neuroendocrine tumors with 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC TOC2016199910310.5603/NMR.2016.002027479786Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Radovic B, Artiko V, Sobic-Saranovic D, Trajkovic G, Markovic S, Vujic D, et al. Evaluation of the SIOPEN semi-quantitative scoring system in planar simpatico-adrenal MIBG scintigraphy in children with neuroblastoma. Neoplasma 2015; 62: 449-455. doi: 10.4149/neo_2015_053RadovicBArtikoVSobic-SaranovicDTrajkovicGMarkovicSVujicDet alEvaluation of the SIOPEN semi-quantitative scoring system in planar simpatico-adrenal MIBG scintigraphy in children with neuroblastoma20156244945510.4149/neo_2015_05325866225Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Artiko V, Sobic-Saranovic D, Pavlovic S, Petrovic M, Zuvela M, Antic A, et al. The clinical value of scintigraphy of neuroendocrine tumors using (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC J BUON 2012; 17: 537-42. PMID: 23033296ArtikoVSobic-SaranovicDPavlovicSPetrovicMZuvelaMAnticAet alThe clinical value of scintigraphy of neuroendocrine tumors using (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC20121753742PMID: 23033296Search in Google Scholar
Sobic-Saranovic DP, Pavlovic SV, Artiko VM, Saranovic DZ, Jaksic ED, Subotic D, et al. The utility of two somatostatin analog radiopharmaceuticals in assessment of radiologically indeterminate pulmonary lesions. Clin Nucl Med 2012; 37: 14-20. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0b013e3182335edbSobic-SaranovicDPPavlovicSVArtikoVMSaranovicDZJaksicEDSuboticDet alThe utility of two somatostatin analog radiopharmaceuticals in assessment of radiologically indeterminate pulmonary lesions201237142010.1097/RLU.0b013e3182335edb22157022Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Todorovic-Tirnanic M, Pavlovic S, Sobic-Saranovic D, Artiko V, Obradovic V. Contemporary nuclear medicine diagnostics of neuroendocrine tumors. [Srbian]. Srp Arh Celok Lek 2015; 143: 108-15. doi: 10.2298/SARH1502108TTodorovic-TirnanicMPavlovicSSobic-SaranovicDArtikoVObradovicVContemporary nuclear medicine diagnostics of neuroendocrine tumors20151431081510.2298/SARH1502108TOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Putzer D, Kroiss A, Waitz D, Gabriel M, Traub-Weidinger T, Uprimny C, et al. Somatostatin receptor PET in neuroendocrine tumours: 68Ga-DOTA0,Tyr3-octreotide versus 68Ga-DOTA0-lanreotide. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013; 40: 364.72. doi: 10.1007/s00259-012-2286-6PutzerDKroissAWaitzDGabrielMTraub-WeidingerTUprimnyCet alSomatostatin receptor PET in neuroendocrine tumours: 68Ga-DOTA0,Tyr3-octreotide versus 68Ga-DOTA0-lanreotide2013403647210.1007/s00259-012-2286-623151915Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Golubić AT, Pasini Nemir E, Žuvić M, Mutvar A, Kusačić Kuna S, Despot M, et al. The value of 18F-DOPA PET/CT in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and increased calcitonin values. Nucl Med Commun 2017; 38: 636-41. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000000696GolubićATPasiniNemir EŽuvićMMutvarAKusačićKuna SDespotMet alThe value of 18F-DOPA PET/CT in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and increased calcitonin values2017386364110.1097/MNM.000000000000069628562377Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gómez-Camarero P, Ortiz-de Tena A, Borrego-Dorado I, Vázquez-Albertino RJ, Navarro-González E, Ruiz-Franco-Baux JV, et al. Evaluation of efficacy and clinical impact of 18F-FDG-PET in the diagnosis of recurrent medullary thyroid cancer with increased calcitonin and negative imaging test. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2012; 31: 261-6. doi: 10.1016/j.remn.2011.05.010Gómez-CamareroPOrtiz-deTena ABorrego-DoradoIVázquez-AlbertinoRJNavarro-GonzálezERuiz-Franco-BauxJVet alEvaluation of efficacy and clinical impact of 18F-FDG-PET in the diagnosis of recurrent medullary thyroid cancer with increased calcitonin and negative imaging test201231261610.1016/j.remn.2011.05.01023067528Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ozkan E, Soydal C, Kucuk ON, Ibis E, Erbay G. Impact of 18FFDG PET/CT for detecting recurrence of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Nucl Med Commun 2011; 32: 1162-8. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0b013e32834bbe09OzkanESoydalCKucukONIbisEErbayGImpact of 18FFDG PET/CT for detecting recurrence of medullary thyroid carcinoma2011321162810.1097/MNM.0b013e32834bbe0921946617Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Skoura E, Rondogianni P, Alevizaki M, Tzanela M, Tsagarakis S, Piaditis G, et al. Role of [(18)F]FDG-PET/CT in the detection of occult recurrent medullary thyroid cancer. Nucl Med Commun 2010; 31: 567-75. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0b013e3283384587SkouraERondogianniPAlevizakiMTzanelaMTsagarakisSPiaditisGet alRole of [(18)F]FDG-PET/CT in the detection of occult recurrent medullary thyroid cancer2010315677510.1097/MNM.0b013e328338458720335822Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ambrosini V, Tomassetti P, Franchi R, Fanti S. Imaging of NETs with PET radiopharmaceuticals. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010; 54: 16-23. PMID: 20168283AmbrosiniVTomassettiPFranchiRFantiSImaging of NETs with PET radiopharmaceuticals2010541623PMID: 20168283Search in Google Scholar
de Groot JW, Links TP, Jager PL, Kahraman T, Plukker JT. Impact of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in patients with biochemical evidence of recurrent or residual medullary thyroid cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2004; 11: 786-94. doi: 10.1245/ASO.2004.10.015deGroot JWLinksTPJagerPLKahramanTPlukkerJTImpact of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in patients with biochemical evidence of recurrent or residual medullary thyroid cancer2004117869410.1245/ASO.2004.10.01515289241Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Khan N, Oriuchi N, Higuchi T, Endo K. Review of fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the follow-up of medullary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Cancer Control 2005; 12: 254-60. doi: 10.1177/107327480501200408KhanNOriuchiNHiguchiTEndoKReview of fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the follow-up of medullary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas2005122546010.1177/10732748050120040816258498Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Rubello D1, Rampin L, Nanni C, Banti E, Ferdeghini M, Fanti S, Al-Nahhas A, Gross MD. The role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting metastatic deposits of recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma: a prospective study. Eur J Surg Oncol 2008; 34: 581-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2007.08.005RubelloD1RampinLNanniCBantiEFerdeghiniMFantiSAl-NahhasAGrossMDThe role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting metastatic deposits of recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma: a prospective study200834581610.1016/j.ejso.2007.08.00517892923Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Oudoux A, Salaun PY, Bournaud C, Campion L, Ansquer C, Rousseau C, et al. Sensitivity and prognostic value of positron emission tomography with F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose and sensitivity of immunoscintigraphy in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma treated with anticarcinoembryonic antigen-targeted radioimmunotherapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 4590-7. doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-0938OudouxASalaunPYBournaudCCampionLAnsquerCRousseauCet alSensitivity and prognostic value of positron emission tomography with F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose and sensitivity of immunoscintigraphy in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma treated with anticarcinoembryonic antigen-targeted radioimmunotherapy2007924590710.1210/jc.2007-093817878252Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ong SC, Schöder H, Patel SG, Tabangay-Lim IM, Doddamane I, Gönen M, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET in restaging patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and elevated calcitonin levels. J Nucl Med 2007; 48: 501-7. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.106.036681OngSCSchöderHPatelSGTabangay-LimIMDoddamaneIGönenMet alDiagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET in restaging patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and elevated calcitonin levels200748501710.2967/jnumed.106.03668117401085Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Wells SA Jr, Asa SL, Dralle H, Elisei R, Evans DB, Gagel RF, et al; American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma. Revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2015; 25: 567-610. doi: 10.1089/thy.2014.0335WellsSA JrAsaSLDralleHEliseiREvansDBGagelRFet alAmerican Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma20152556761010.1089/thy.2014.0335449062725810047Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Rufini V, Treglia G, Perotti G, Leccisotti L, Calcagni ML, Rubello D, et al. Role of PET in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Minerva Endocrinol 2008; 33: 67-73. PMID: 18388854RufiniVTregliaGPerottiGLeccisottiLCalcagniMLRubelloDet alRole of PET in medullary thyroid carcinoma2008336773PMID: 18388854Search in Google Scholar
Giovanella L, Treglia G, Iakovou I, Mihailovic J, Verburg FA, Luster M, et al. EANM practice guideline for PET/CT imaging in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Img 2020; 47: 61-77. doi: 10.1007/s00259-019-04458-6GiovanellaLTregliaGIakovouIMihailovicJVerburgFALusterMet alEANM practice guideline for PET/CT imaging in medullary thyroid carcinoma202047617710.1007/s00259-019-04458-631482429Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Fox E, Widemann BC, Chuk MK, Marcus L, Aikin A, Whitcomb PO, et al. Vandetanib in children and adolescents with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B associated medullary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19: 4239-48. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0071FoxEWidemannBCChukMKMarcusLAikinAWhitcombPOet alVandetanib in children and adolescents with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B associated medullary thyroid carcinoma20131942394810.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0071427412823766359Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Elisei R, Schlumberger MJ, Müller SP, Schöffski P, Brose MS, Shah MH, et al. Cabozantinib in progressive medullary thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: 3639-46. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012. 48.4659. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol 2014; 32: 1864.EliseiRSchlumbergerMJMüllerSPSchöffskiPBroseMSShahMHet alCabozantinib in progressive medullary thyroid cancer20133136394610.1200/JCO.201248.4659. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol 2014; 32: 1864Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Verga U, Muratori F, Di Sacco G, Banfi F, Libroia A. The role of radiopharmaceuticals MIBG and (V) DMSA in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Henry Ford Hosp Med J 1989; 37: 175-7. PMID: 2576958VergaUMuratoriFDiSacco GBanfiFLibroiaAThe role of radiopharmaceuticals MIBG and (V) DMSA in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma1989371757PMID: 2576958Search in Google Scholar
Ugur O, Kostakğlu L, Güler N, Caner B, Uysal U, Elahi N, et al. Comparison of 99mTc (V)-DMSA, 201Tl and 99mTc-MIBI imaging in the follow-up of patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Eur J Nucl Med 1996; 23: 1367-71. doi: 10.1007/bf01367593UgurOKostakğluLGülerNCanerBUysalUElahiNet alComparison of 99mTc (V)-DMSA, 201Tl and 99mTc-MIBI imaging in the follow-up of patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid19962313677110.1007/bf01367593Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Adams S1, Baum RP, Hertel A, Schumm-Draeger PM, Usadel KH, Hör G. Comparison of metabolic and receptor imaging in recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma with histopathological findings. Eur J Nucl Med 1998; 25: 1277-83. doi: 10.1007/s002590050296AdamsS1BaumRPHertelASchumm-DraegerPMUsadelKHHörGComparison of metabolic and receptor imaging in recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma with histopathological findings19982512778310.1007/s0025900502969724377Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Howe TC, Padhy AK, Loke K, Magsombol B, Ng D, Goh A. Role of Tc-99m DMSA (V) scanning and serum calcitonin monitoring in the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Singapore Med J 2008; 49: 19-22. PMID: 18204763HoweTCPadhyAKLokeKMagsombolBNgDGohARole of Tc-99m DMSA (V) scanning and serum calcitonin monitoring in the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma2008491922PMID: 18204763Search in Google Scholar
Clarke S, Εll PJ, Gambhir SS. In: Medullary thyroid cancer. Third edition. In: Clarke S, Εll PJ, Gambhir SS, editors. London: Churcill Livingstone; 2004. pp. 165-74.ClarkeSΕllPJGambhirSSInClarkeSΕllPJGambhirSSeditorsLondonChurcill Livingstone;2004pp16574Search in Google Scholar
Szakáll S Jr, Esik O, Bajzik G, Repa I, Dabasi G, Sinkovics I, et al. 18F-FDG PET detection of lymph node metastases in medullary thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med 2002; 43: 66-71. PMID: 11801705SzakállS JrEsikOBajzikGRepaIDabasiGSinkovicsIet al18F-FDG PET detection of lymph node metastases in medullary thyroid carcinoma2002436671PMID: 11801705Search in Google Scholar
Luster M, Karges W, Zeich K, Pauls S, Verburg FA, Dralle H, et al. Clinical value of 18-fluorine-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the follow-up of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2010; 20: 527-33. doi: 10.1089/thy.2009.0342LusterMKargesWZeichKPaulsSVerburgFADralleHet alClinical value of 18-fluorine-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the follow-up of medullary thyroid carcinoma2010205273310.1089/thy.2009.034220450432Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Yamaga LYI, Cunha ML, Campos Neto GC, Garcia MRT, Yang JH, Camacho CP, et al. (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma: a lesion-by-lesion comparison with (111)In-octreotide SPECT/CT and conventional imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 44: 1695-701. doi: 10.1007/s00259-017-3701-9YamagaLYICunhaMLCamposNeto GCGarciaMRTYangJHCamachoCPet al(68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma: a lesion-by-lesion comparison with (111)In-octreotide SPECT/CT and conventional imaging201744169570110.1007/s00259-017-3701-928429044Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Budiawan H, Salavati A, Kulkarni HR, Baum RP. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy of treatment-refractory metastatic thyroid cancer using (90) yttrium and (177)lutetium labeled somatostatin analogs: toxicity, response and survival analysis. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013; 4: 39-52. PMID: 24380044BudiawanHSalavatiAKulkarniHRBaumRPPeptide receptor radionuclide therapy of treatment-refractory metastatic thyroid cancer using (90) yttrium and (177)lutetium labeled somatostatin analogs: toxicity, response and survival analysis201343952PMID: 24380044Search in Google Scholar
Lee SW, Shim SR, Jeong SY, Kim SJ. Comparison of 5 different PET radiopharmaceuticals for the detection of recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma: a network meta-analysis. Clin Nucl Med 2020; 45: 341-8. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000002940LeeSWShimSRJeongSYKimSJComparison of 5 different PET radiopharmaceuticals for the detection of recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma: a network meta-analysis202045341810.1097/RLU.000000000000294032049723Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kushchayev SV, Kushchayeva YS, Tella SH, Glushko T, Pacak K, Teytelboym OM. Medullary thyroid carcinoma: an update on imaging. Thyroid Res 2019; 7: 1893047. doi: 10.1155/2019/1893047KushchayevSVKushchayevaYSTellaSHGlushkoTPacakKTeytelboymOMMedullary thyroid carcinoma: an update on imaging20197189304710.1155/2019/1893047664278231360432Open DOISearch in Google Scholar