<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants from the aqueous environment has touched a certain level with the development of research. Environmental pollution is increasing day by day due to industrial activities which cause a negative effect on human health and the ecosystem. Nowadays, heavy metals have a special concern due to its toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation in nature. Toxic metals like chromium, nickel, arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium are the main contaminants of water because they are non-biodegradable in nature. Nickel is also a toxic metal, mostly used in industries because of its anticorrosion behaviour. As a consequence nickel is present in the wastage of electroplating, tableware, metal finishing, plastics manufacturing, nickel-cadmium batteries, fertilizers and mining industries and these waste have dangerous impact on the human health and environment and causes the diseases i.e. diarrhea, anemia, hepatitis, kidney damage, gastrointestinal distress, skin dermatitis, and central nervous system dysfunction. In the present review article, several techniques are discussed for the treatment of nickel from the industrial environment. The elimination of nickel from wastewater is not important only for economic purposes but also for environmental safety.</abstract>

National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry

Mehran University of Engineering and Technology

Remediation of Nickel ion from wastewater by applying various techniques: a review

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and contents of sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water from Amassoma axis of the Nun River, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The PAH contaminations in the river water samples was performed using GC-MS method. The results were similar for all of the three sampling stations. Six LMW PAHs: naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene and five HMW PAHs: fluoranthene, pyrene benzo (a)anthracene, chrysene and benzo(a)pyrene were found. The ∑ PAHs concentration ranged from 0.111mg/L to 0.26mg/L. In this study, PAH fingerprint ratios for determining both petrogenic and pyrogenic (pyrolytic) PAH accumulation in the environment and Toxic equivalency factor (TEF) used to estimate relative toxicity of a PAH compared to that of BaP was employed. The Ph/An ratio for water samples were 0.00, 0.33 and 0.00 in three stations, while associated figures for Fl/Py ratio values were 0.67, 0.83 and 0.50 respectively. Pearson correlation matrice analysis reveals a positive correlation between the PAHs; this could indicate a common source for some of the PAHs, however, some were negatively correlated with each other. This behavior could indicate non-point source. A comparative analysis of PAHs concentrations in the water samples with WHO standards revealed that the results obtained in this study were within the permissible levels, however, carcinogen PAHs present in the water of the Amassoma axis, Nun River may pose a threats to human health.</abstract>

Distribution, Compositional Pattern and Potential to human exposure of PAHs in Water, Amassoma axis, Nun River, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">This investigation deals with the chemical composition and microstructural analysis of the iron object, a spear excavated from Sanur, Tamil Nadu- a megalithic site dated 300 B.C. to 50 A.D. Phase analysis and microstructural examination were carried using XRD, optical and variable pressure scanning electron microscope (VP-SEM). Optical micrograph shows the equiaxed grain structure along with the Newman bands. Formation of Newman bands suggests that the original artifact was forged at high temperature followed by cooling, although not so rapid to produce the marked hardening. The absence of carbides at the grain boundary, within the grains and lower value of micro-hardness indicates that the iron spear was not subjected to the carburizing treatment. Results of corrosion characterization revealed that deterioration of excavated iron artifact is associated with the presence of chlorine in corrosion products. However, <italic>compact nature of the outer rust (goethite) was helpful in protecting the object. The formation of goethite [ ∝-FeOOH] layer may prevent the iron matrix suffering from attacks by other environmental factors due to its good continuity. In addition, less aerated environment of storage and no history of any cleaning of object were also helpful in preventing the iron spear from further deterioration.</italic></abstract>

National Research Laboratory for Conservation of Cultural Property

Characterization of Corrosion Behavior of Archaeological Iron Spear from Sanur (300 BC – 50 AD) – A Megalithic Site in Southern India

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The present work was aimed at evaluating the adsorption properties of malachite green and congo red dyes by polyacrylonitrile carbon fibre sorbents. The sorbents were activated and oxidized using potassium hydroxide and ammonium persulfate, respectively at mild conditions. Consequently, the sorbents were characterized for surface area, surface functional groups and thermal decomposition. The activated sorbent displayed a 18.8 mg/g (94 %) of malachite green removal at Co = 20 mg/L, while both modified sorbents showed a 17.5 mg/g (87.5 %) removal of congo red at the same concentration. All sorbents showed a rapid equilibrium of malachite green and congo red dyes in water. Also, the sorbents are somewhat tolerable against different solution pH conditions despite a slight change due to possible electrostatic interactions. Thus, the materials could be successfully employed to treat dyes-laden wastewater.</abstract>

Centre of Lipids Engineering & Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu-Sina Institute for Scientific & Industrial Research

School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering

Removal of Malachite Green and Congo Red Dyes from Water by Polyacrylonitrile Carbon Fibre Sorbents

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles through green chemistry approach has evolved into a new era of research; however, the heterogeneous size and dispersity of silver nanoparticles have limited its applications, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering, plasmon resonance, and more specifically in the medical field of target drug delivery and therapeutic activity. Here-we investigated the effect of purification and separation modes on the dispersity, size, and morphology of silver nanoparticles, synthesized by plant extract (<italic>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</italic>). Transmission electron microscopy revealed silver nanoparticles with an average diameter of 13.0 nm when synthesized through ethanol precipitation, which is advantageously smaller. This result suggests that the silver nanoparticles size can be fine-tuned by changing the separation mode during purification from plant extract. Due to uniformity, our obtained nanoparticles can be expected to show higher catalytic activity towards photochemical reactions, drug delivery and antibacterial activity due to the absence of inactive coating layer (capping agent).</abstract>

Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis

Department of Physics, Patan Multiple Campus

Improved method for separation of silver nanoparticles synthesized using the Nyctanthes arbor-tristis shrub

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Volume 5 (2021): Issue 1 (June 2021)

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Acta Chemica Malaysia

Due to rapid advances in scientific research and industrialization, there is more need for an advanced and durable study in chemistry and the chemical engineering field. Acta Chemica Malaysia (ACMY) is an open access as well as print journal that widely covers all branches of chemistry and chemical engineering. It provides a medium for mutual communication between academia and industry all over the world. The Journal welcomes in English original research articles; research notes or short communications and topical or interpretative review articles (previously unpublished) in all established areas of chemistry, chemical engineering and related fields. This journal is a scholarly journal maintains high standards of scientific excellence and its editorial board ensures a rapid peer review process with the help of the Editorial Manager System. Manuscripts are accepted for publication only if at least two reviewers agree on the scientific quality of the submitted manuscript. Abstracts and full texts of all articles published by the Acta Chemica Malaysia Open Access Journal are freely accessible to everyone immediately after publication.   Acta Chemica Malaysia (ACMY) has established itself as the leading journal in the exciting field of chemistry and chemical engineering. Its aim is for the rapid communication of knowledge and experience amongst engineers and scientists working in the area of research development or in the practical application of chemical technology. Coverage includes but is not limited to:  Catalysis and Reaction Engineering  Agrochemicals  Reaction Engineering  Biochemical Engineering  Petroleum Technology  Corrosion  Clean Energy  Functional Material  Leather Processing  Nanotechnology and Nanoscience  Biomaterials and Biotechnology  Particle Technology  Multiphase Processing  Polymerization  Separation Science and Technology  Sustainable Technologies  Pharmaceuticals and Drugs  &amp; Metallurgy and Applied Chemistry, Green Processing etc.,   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 