Stress and Cancer in Dogs: Comparison Between a Population of Dogs Diagnosed with Cancer and a Control Population - A Pilot Study

1. Leonard, B.E., Song, C. (1996). Stress and the Immune System in the Etiology of Anxiety and Depression. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 54 (1): 299-303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(95)02158-210.1016/0091-3057(95)02158-2Search in Google Scholar

2. Graham, J., Ramirez, A., Love, S., Richards, M., Burgess, C. (2002). Stressful life experiences and risk of relapse of breast cancer: observational cohort study. Brit. Med. J. 324 (7351): 1420-1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7351.1420 PMid:12065263 PMCid:PMC11585110.1136/bmj.324.7351.1420Search in Google Scholar

3. Lillberg, K., Verkasalo, P. K., Kaprio, J., Teppo, L., Helenius, H., Koskenvuo, M. (2003). Stressful life events and risk of breast cancer in 10,808 women: a cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 157 (5): 415-423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg002 PMid:1261560610.1093/aje/kwg002Search in Google Scholar

4. Kyrou, I., Tsigos, C. (2007). Stress mechanisms and metabolic complications. Horm. Metab. Res. 39 (6): 430-438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-981462 PMid:1757876010.1055/s-2007-981462Search in Google Scholar

5. Kruk, J., Aboul-Enein, H.Y. (2004). Psychological stress and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study. Cancer Detect. Prev. 28 (6): 399-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cdp.2004.07.009 PMid:1558226310.1016/j.cdp.2004.07.009Search in Google Scholar

6. Armaiz-Pena, G.N., Lutgendorf, S.K., Cole, S.W., Sood, A.K. (2009). Neuroendocrine modulation of cancer progression. Brain Behav. Immun. 23 (1): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2008.06.007 PMid:18638541 PMCid:PMC263052210.1016/j.bbi.2008.06.007Search in Google Scholar

7. Lutgendorf, S.K., Sood A. K. (2011). Biobehavioral factors and cancer progression: physiological pathways and mechanisms. Psychosom. Med. 73(9): 724–730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e318235be76 PMid:22021459 PMCid:PMC331904710.1097/PSY.0b013e318235be76Search in Google Scholar

8. Rabin, B.S (1999). Stress, immune function and health: the connection. New York, NY: Wiley-Liss Sons Inc.Search in Google Scholar

9. Yang, E.V., Glaser, R. (2003). Stress-induced immunomodulation: implication for tumorigenesis. Brain Behav. Immun. 17, 37-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00064-810.1016/S0889-1591(02)00064-8Search in Google Scholar

10. Reiche, E.M., Nunes, S.O., Morimoto, H.K. (2004). Stress, depression, the immune system, and cancer. Lancet Oncol. 5, 617–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(04)01597-910.1016/S1470-2045(04)01597-9Search in Google Scholar

11. Azpiroz, A., De Miguel, Z., Fano E. Vegas O. (2008). Relations between different coping strategies for social stress, tumor development and neuroendocrine and immune activity in male mice. Brain, Behav. Immun. 22, 690-698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2007.10.007 PMid:1806140010.1016/j.bbi.2007.10.00718061400Search in Google Scholar

12. Selye, H. (1936). A syndrome produced by diverse nocious agentes. Nature 138, 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/138032a010.1038/138032a0Search in Google Scholar

13. Neylan, T. C. (1998). Hans Selye and the field of stress research. Neuropsychiatry Classics 10 (2): 230-231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/jnp.10.2.23010.1176/jnp.10.2.230Search in Google Scholar

14. Breazile, J.E. (1987). Physiologic basis and consequences of distress in animals. J. A. V. M. A. 191 (10): 1212-1215.Search in Google Scholar

15. Casey, R. (2002). Fear and stress in companion animals. In: D. Horwitz, D. Mills, S. Heath, (Eds.), BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Behavioural Medicine (pp. 144–153). Gloucester, UK: British Small Animal Veterinary Association PMid:12124759Search in Google Scholar

16. Le Roith, D., Shiloach, J., Roth, J. (1982). Is there an earlier phylogenetic precursor that is common to both the nervous and endocrine systems? Peptides 3, 211-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-9781(82)90080-810.1016/0196-9781(82)90080-8Search in Google Scholar

17. Black, H.P. (1994). Immune system-central nervous system interaction: effect and immunomodulatory consequences of immune system mediators on the brain. Antimicrob. Agents Ch. 38 (1): 7-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.38.1.710.1128/AAC.38.1.7Search in Google Scholar

18. Dantzer, R., Kelley, K.W. (1989). Stress and immunity: an integrated view of relationships between the brain and the immune system. Life Sci. 44 (26): 1995-2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(89)90345-710.1016/0024-3205(89)90345-7Search in Google Scholar

19. Dunn, G. P., Old, L. J., Schreiber, R. D. (2004). The immunobiology of cancer immunosurveilance and immunoediting. Immunity 21, 137-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2004.07.017 PMid:1530809510.1016/j.immuni.2004.07.017Search in Google Scholar

20. Lang, K., Entschladen, F., Weidt, C., Zaenker, K. (2006). Tumor immune escape mechanisms: impact of the neuroendocrine system. Cancer Immunol. Immun. 55 (7): 749-776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00262-006-0126-x PMid:1643512810.1007/s00262-006-0126-xSearch in Google Scholar

21. Antoni, M.H., Lutgendorf, S.K., Cole, S.W., Dhabhar, F.S., Sephton, S.E., Green McDonalc, P., Stefanek, M., Sood Anil, K. (2006). The influence of bio-behavioural factors on tumours biology: pathways and mechanisms. Nat. Rev. Cancer 6 (3): 240-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc1820 PMid:16498446 PMCid:PMC314604210.1038/nrc1820Search in Google Scholar

22. Ben-Eliyahu, S. (2003). The promotion of tumor metastasis by surgery and stress: Immunological basis and implication for psychoneuroimmunology. Brain Behav. Immun. 17, 27-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00063-610.1016/S0889-1591(02)00063-6Search in Google Scholar

23. Thaker, P.H., Sood, A.K. (2008). Neuroendocrine influences on cancer biology. Semin. Cancer Biol. 164-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2007.12.00510.1016/j.semcancer.2007.12.005242402818201896Search in Google Scholar

24. Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K., Preacher, K.J., MacCallum, R.C., Atkinson, C., Malarkey, W.B., Glaser, R. (2003). Chronic stress and age-related increases in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100, (pp. 9090-9095). US http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1531903100 PMid:12840146 PMCid:PMC16644310.1073/pnas.1531903100Search in Google Scholar

25. Mills, D. S., Dube, M. B., Zulch, H. (2012). Stress and pheromonatherapy in small animal clinical behaviour. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/978111870264210.1002/9781118702642Search in Google Scholar

26. Mills, D., Karagiannis, C., Zulch, H. (2014). Stress-Its effects on health and behavior: A guide for practitioners. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small. 44(3): 525-541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.01.005 PMid:2476669810.1016/j.cvsm.2014.01.005Search in Google Scholar

27. Overall, K.L. (1997). Clinical behavioral medicine for small animals (pp. 209-250). St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book Inc.Search in Google Scholar

28. Berteselli, G., Servida, F., Dall’Ara, P., Verga, M., Piola, E., Puricelli, M., Palestrini, C., (2005). Evaluation of immunological, stress and behavioural parameters in dogs (Canis familiaris) with anxiety-related disorders. In: D. Mills, E. Levine, G. Landsberg, A.E. Horwitz, A.E. Duxbury (Eds.), Current Issues and Research in Veterinary Behavioral Medicine (pp. 18–22). USA: Purdue Press.Search in Google Scholar

29. Debenedetti, A. (1998). Endocrinologia. In: G. Aguggini, V. Beghelli, L. F. Giulio (Eds), Fisiologia degli Animali Domestici (pp. 645-748). Torino: UTET.Search in Google Scholar

30. Veissier, I., Boissy, A. (2007). Stress and welfare: two complementary concepts that are intrinsically related to the animal’s point of view. Physiol. Behav. 92 (3): 429-433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.11.008 PMid:1718206710.1016/j.physbeh.2006.11.008Search in Google Scholar

31. Overall, K. L. (2000). Natural animal models of human psychiatric conditions: assessment of mechanism and validity. Prog. Neuro-Psychoph. 24(5): 727-776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-5846(00)00104-410.1016/S0278-5846(00)00104-4Search in Google Scholar

32. Takahashi, T., Ikeda, K., Ishikawa, M., Kitamura, N., Tsukasaki, T., Nakama, D., Kameda, T. (2005). Anxiety, reactivity, and social stress-induced cortisol elevation in humans. Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 26(4): 351-354. PMid:16136010Search in Google Scholar

33. MacEwen, E. G. (1990). Spontaneous tumors in dogs and cats: models for the study of cancer biology and treatment. Cancer Metast. Rev. 9 (2): 125-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046339 PMid:225331210.1007/BF00046339Search in Google Scholar

34. Vail, D.M., MacEwen, E.G. (2000). Spontaneously occurring tumors of companion animals as models for human cancer. Cancer Invest. 18 (8): 781-792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07357900009012210 PMid:1110744810.3109/07357900009012210Search in Google Scholar

35. Borgatti, A, Buracco, P. (2009). Un legame che va oltre l’amicizia: cane, uomo ed oncologia comparata. Veterinaria. 23 (2): 9-25.Search in Google Scholar

36. Lagadic, M. (2006). I diversi fattori predisponenti le neoplasie. In: AA. Vv., Oncologia pratica del cane e del gatto (pp 9-13). Collana di Summa - animali da compagnia. Milano: Le Point Vétérinaire Italie.Search in Google Scholar

37. Glaser, R., Kiecolt-Glaser, J. (2005). Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 5, 243-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1571 PMid:1573895410.1038/nri1571Search in Google Scholar

38. Danzer, R., Mormede, P. (1981). Pituitary adrenal consequence of adjunctive behaviours in pigs. Horm. Behav. 15, 386-395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0018-506X(81)90003-910.1016/0018-506X(81)90003-9Search in Google Scholar

39. Ohl, F., Arndt, S. S., van der Staay, F. J. (2008). Pathological anxiety in animals. Vet. J. 175, 18-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.12.013 PMid:1732176610.1016/j.tvjl.2006.12.01317321766Search in Google Scholar

40. Cannas, S., Frank, D., Minero, M., Aspesi, A., Benedetti, R., Palestrini, C. (2014). Video analysis of dogs suffering from anxiety when left home alone and treated with clomipramine. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research 9(2): 50-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2013.12.00210.1016/j.jveb.2013.12.002Search in Google Scholar

41. Godbout, M., Beauchamp, G., Palestrini, C., Frank, D. (2007). Puppy behavior at the veterinary clinic: a pilot study. J. Vet. Behav.: Clin. Appl. Res. 2, 126-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2007.06.00210.1016/j.jveb.2007.06.002Search in Google Scholar

42. Palestrini, C., Minero, M., Cannas, S., Rossi, E., Frank, D. (2010a). Video analysis of dogs with separation-related behaviors. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 124, 61e6710.1016/j.applanim.2010.01.014Search in Google Scholar

43. Flannigan, G., Dodman, N. H. (2001). Risk factors and behaviors associated with separation anxiety in dog. J. A. V. M. A. 219 (4): 460-466. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2001.219.46010.2460/javma.2001.219.46011518171Search in Google Scholar

44. McGreevy, P. D., Masters, A. M. (2008). Risk factors of separation-related distress and feed-related aggression in dogs: additional findings from a survey in Australian dog owners. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 109, 320-328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2007.04.00110.1016/j.applanim.2007.04.001Search in Google Scholar

45. Godbout, G.P., Glaser, R. (2006). Stress-induced immune dysregulation: implications for wound healing, infectious disease and cancer. J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 1 (4): 421-427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11481-006-9036-0 PMid:1804081410.1007/s11481-006-9036-018040814Search in Google Scholar

46. MacEwen, B. S. (2008). Central effects of stress hormones in health and disease: understanding the protective and damaging effects of stress and stress mediators. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 583 (2-3): 174–185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.11.071 PMid:18282566 PMCid:PMC247476510.1016/j.ejphar.2007.11.071247476518282566Search in Google Scholar

47. Skandarkumar, S., Stodulski, G., Hau, J. (1995). Salivary IgA: a possible stress marker in dogs. Anim. Welfare 4 (4): 339-350.Search in Google Scholar

48. Beerda, B., Schilder, M.B.H., van Hooff, J.A.R.A.M., de Vries, H.W., Mol, J.A. (2000). Behavioural and hormonal indicators of enduring environmental stress in dogs. Anim. Welfare 9, 49-62.10.1017/S0962728600022247Search in Google Scholar

49. Yang, Y., Koh, D., Ng V., Lee, C.Y., Dong, F., Goh, S.H., Anantharaman, V., Chia, S.E. (2002). Self-perceived work related stress and the relation with salivary IgA and Lysozyme among emergency department nurses. Occup. Environ. Med. 59, 836-841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.59.12.836 PMid:12468751 PMCid:PMC176360610.1136/oem.59.12.836176360612468751Search in Google Scholar

50. Ng, V., Koh, D., Mok, B.Y.Y., Chia, S.E., Lim, L.P. (2003). Salivary biomarkers associated with academic assessment stress among dental undergraduates. J. Dent. Edu. 67(10): 1091-1094. PMid:1458767310.1002/j.0022-0337.2003.67.10.tb03701.xSearch in Google Scholar

51. Frick, L.R., Rapanelli, M., Cremaschi, G. A., Genaro, A. M. (2009). Fluoxetine directly counteracts the adverse effects of chronic stress on T cell immunity by compensatory and specific mechanisms. Brain Behav. Immun. 23 (1): 36-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2008.06.010 PMid:1862529810.1016/j.bbi.2008.06.01018625298Search in Google Scholar