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Although tourism is an independent field, in order to obtain a certain result, it also resorts to other physical, intellectual and moral acts from other branches, active, conscious and carefully selected. There is a wide range of activities arising from the natural desire to satisfy a consuming population in order to be able to always use quality and progress. Tourism needs to do something to bring back the joy of drinking coffee with friends, treating us medically and building relationships. Regardless of who the organizer is, the range of participants can be addressed to both our children and parents and grandparents, depending on the purpose of the organized activities. We all want secure and transparent services, full of educational value, accompanied by scientific, cultural and recreational events. The aim of the article is to demonstrate how important it is to motivate and determine employees in the field of tourism, on the road to success. Knowing the distribution in percentages, by categories of observation and the limits of this distribution, one can characterize the interactions between the researched groups, as they deviate, as well as the empirically established averages.
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Analyzes Regarding the Motivation and Determination of the Employees in Romanian Tourism

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Chicken meat is an important source of protein and nutrition for many people worldwide and plays a crucial role in feeding growing populations and supporting local economies. In Romania, chicken meat production is an important sector of the country’s economy, with a long tradition of poultry farming and modern facilities for efficient and sustainable production. In this regard, the aim of this study was to analyze the forecasted values for the chicken meat production, based on the empirical data collected form FAOSTAT, in the following twelve years. As a result, the data obtained showed a 5% increase in 2033 compared with 2021.
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Chicken Meat Production Trends in Romania – A Twelve-Year Forecast

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Romania is a country located in southeastern Europe, known for its rich history, culture, and agriculture. One of the most important agricultural sectors in this country is milk production. In recent years, the milk production industry has faced numerous of challenges. In this direction, the aim of our paper was to use the exponential smoothing method of forecasting in order to analyse the milk production future trends, based on empirical data provided by FAOSTAT, and to provide some insights regarding possible solutions. According to our observations, in the following period (2023-2033) the milk production tends to slowly decline, situation that impose some measures. In conclusion, regarding the forecasted situation, Romania can avoid the milk production decline and improve the current situation by adopting and implementing some preventive measures.
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Milk Production Forecast Analysis in Romania - A Problem to Possible Solutions Approach

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Romania brings its contribution to the European Union through a valuable heritage, with numerous species of plants and animals, some endemic and relict, among them medicinal plants and those with high nutritional value. Romania’s geographical position and climate have always offered special conditions for favourable for the culture of fruit trees and shrubs.
Around towns, in familiar gardens, in small spaces around buildings, on walls and trellises, the cultivation of various species of trees and shrubs is a leisure occupation and a source of fruit supply. Fruit trees and shrubs in parks, around houses, on roads and alignments, in addition to aesthetics and fruit production, contribute to improving the climate, preventing and combating environmental pollution.
Hippophaë rhamnoides-Sea buckthorn is a shrub of particular importance, found both in spontaneous flora and in controlled cultures. In Romania, sea buckthorn grows spontaneously in the Subcarpathian area of Moldova and Muntenia.
Depending on the place where it is planted, sea buckthorn can grow as a shrub or tree at a height of 1.5 m to 3.5 m, or even more. In arid areas it can become creeping, being an adaptation to environmental conditions. Sea buckthorn is used in food, medicine, animal feed and forestry. Used in agriculture, buckthorn has a very important role in increasing the winter resistance of bees. From a nutritional point of view, sea buckthorn has a high content of minerals, vitamins, oils, acids and unsaturated fats, present in the fruits and leaves.
Sea buckthorn fruits have a high content of vitamin E, C and carotenoids with strong oxidative action, which slow down aging. Sea buckthorn oil relieves light medication, heals wounds and skin lesions, burns and speeds up the healing process Considering the special valences in maintaining health and treating some ailments, we must take care of this natural wealth of Romania - buckhorn, and we must not consider it inexhaustible, in order not to disappear especially from the spontaneous flora before our eyes.
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Analysis Regarding the Organizaţion, Establishment, Maintenance and Harvesting of Sea Bunckthorn in Plantation

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The shrubs of Retama sphaerocarpa (Fabaceae) and Ziziphus lotus (Rhamnaceae) form populations in the Aurès region of Algeria that can provide a large supply of forage when dry season grazing shortages are prevalent. However, the percentage of natural regeneration of these species was estimated at 3%-7%. The final germination percentage (FGP) and total seedling length (TSL) were taken into consideration in this study to determine the impact of wet scarification on the germination of these two species. Pre-sowing treatments included immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid for 1, 2 and 3 hours; immersion in boiling water for 15 minutes, and soaking for 24 hours in water at 25°C (± 2°C). For each pretreatment, four replicates of 50 seeds and kernels were sown in plastic containers for a 21-day period. The principal component analysis of data showed that the best treatment was 3 hours of soaking in sulphuric acid, resulting in 94% of FGP and 22.2 cm of TSL for R. sphaerocarpa. This same pretreatment improved the germination of Z. lotus to 86% FGP and 25.6 cm TSL. In both species studied, a very insignificant percentage of FGP (2%) was observed in untreated seeds and kernels, as well as in pre-treatments with water. These results indicate that R. sphaerocarpa seeds and Z. lotus kernels exhibit a type of physical seed dormancy and require specific pretreatment to improve imbibition and germination. In conclusion, pretreatments significantly (p&lt; 0.0001) affected FGP and TSL in both species. These findings should motivate plantation plans for R. sphaerocarpa and Z. lotus in both agriculture and forestry.
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Laboratory of Biotechnology for Food and Energy Security

Improvement of Germination in Retama Sphaerocarpa and Ziziphus Lotus for the Rehabilitation of Degraded Rangelands in Algeria

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The intensification of agriculture, the specialization of production and the use of a wide range of agrochemicals has led to the loss of biodiversity on agricultural land, namely the cultivation of a small number of high-yielding varieties and short crop rotation. The loss of biodiversity and the homogenization of crops directly affects the productivity of agroecosystems and implicitly the sustainability of food systems.
In this context, the article proposes an analysis of the evolution of ecological agriculture from the perspective of the need for a change in the structure and operation of agriculture to restore the biodiversity of agricultural land. The analysis is oriented towards the economic, social and environmental aspects given the fact that, often, ecological agriculture is proposed as a solution to ensure the food security of the world’s population.
The analysis of data on global organic agriculture indicates that, in 2021, the total area of agricultural land cultivated in the organic system represented approximately 1.6% of the total agricultural land, the number of producers registered in organic agriculture reached approximately 3.7 million and the global market for organic products reached 125 billion euros.
With regard to organic agriculture in Romania, in 2021, the total area cultivated in an ecological system was 578.7 thousand ha (3.2% of agricultural land cultivated organically in the EU), and the number of economic operators was 12,231.
Given that the productions obtained in the ecological system are 20-40% lower than those in conventional agriculture, the integration of ecological practices in agriculture has the potential to increase the productions obtained and maintain biodiversity on agricultural land.
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Analysis of Ecological Agriculture from the Perspective of Maintaining the Biodiversity of Agricultural Lands

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The actual economic development is increasingly conditioned by the environment and resources. Reducing the impact of human activities on the environment and decreasing the pressure on natural resources are requirements that can be achieved by adopting a circular economy, in order to replace the economy based on a linear process of production and consumption. The concept of circular economy is strongly used, both in Europe and worldwide, but, apart from a few practical models, the rest is limited to ideas and concepts. The aim of this article is to enhance to the scientific research of the circular economy and its impact on the mountain economy, especially on biodiversity. First of all, this article will focus on the definition of the circular economy, from the point of view of the sustainable development of the mountain area in Romania, and, secondly, this paper adopt a critical analysis of the concept, from the perspective of biodiversity. Considering that there are a lot of theories on the international level that argue and prove the potential of the circular economy, we refer to a few national models of circular economy, as landmarks, to support its application in the Romanian mountain area.
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Circular Economy and its Integration in the Mountain Economy

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SMART solutions, offered by innovations in precision agriculture, provide livestock farms with the key to an infrastructure modernization based on technological advances, with a direct result on sustainable economic growth. The Romanian farmer and the one from the Member States of the European Union face a series of trends and challenges that would determine the need to develop new management strategies, in line with the global and European requirements on sustainability and sustainability, production efficiency and animal welfare. Nowadays, digitalization is a primary factor in increasing quality and efficiency on farms, and in dairy farms and exploitation of cows is given by high-quality solutions and correct managerial decisions on feed recipes (producers want to know exactly what they feed the animals), protection from diseases, how they are cared for, the climate in the shelter (the influence of their internal and external environmental factors), watering and milking systems, as well as the collection and storage of manure. In other news, the resilience of the food system to shocks is also given by the implementation of circular economy principles.
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Trends and Innovative Solutions in Smart Growth Production of Milk and Dairy Products

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Vegetables are especially important in human nutrition. Rational nutrition is unimaginable without the daily use of various varieties of vegetables. Green vegetable plants are important for every family that has a garden. This category includes several vegetables, such as: spinach, salad, green garlic, loboda, green onions, etc. Perennial greens should be grown in a marginal area, so as not to create problems when preparing the soil for other crops. From the salad category, Lettuce is the most widespread, it is cultivated for its heads and leaves, which can be eaten in salads, it is also eaten raw, especially when other vegetables on the market are missing. Lettuce is an annual plant with a main pivoting root, leaves full of fleshy and thin vitamins, but it is also a herbaceous plant. It is part of the Compositae family. Following the completion of research on the behavior of eight lettuce varieties grown in solarium on different vegetation cycles, at the Ulmi Variety Testing Center we performed the determination of parameters that influence the quality of lettuce production from which the following measurements are derived: plant height, average weight of plants at harvest, leaf embossing, dry substance, leaf thickness, plant diameter, the shape of the head and variety color. The present paper aims to determine some parameters that influence the quality of salad production. Eight lettuce varieties grown in the solarium were monitored at the Ulmi Variety Testing Center. The parameters followed in the study were: plant diameter (cm), plant weight (g), leaf thickness (mm), embossing size (cm), height of flowering plants (cm) and soluble dry matter.
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Research on the Quality of Lettuce Production Grown in Protected Areas

AHEAD OF PRINT

Volume 15 (2023): Issue 2 (October 2023)

Volume 15 (2023): Issue 1 (April 2023)

Volume 14 (2022): Issue 2 (October 2022)

Volume 14 (2022): Issue 1 (April 2022)

Annals of "Valahia" University of Târgovişte. Agriculture

 Constituting an essential part of the Romanian higher education system ”Valahia” University of Târgovişte brings in a process of European modernization and integration high-quality education, competitive scientific research, students' and teachers' mobility’s in the European area. The ”Valahia” University of Târgovişte Annals – Agriculture section combine the preoccupation for agriculture, horticulture, forest sciences, animal　breeding, renewable energy, landscape design, rural tourism, using sustainable exploitation and the protection of natural ecosystems, entrepreneurial area.   The topics of Annals – Agriculture are as follows:   AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE    technology of horticulture plants   technology of agriculture plants   animal breeding　        ENVIRONMENTAL MAINTAINANCE AND PROTECTION      biodiversity conservation   sustainable development and rural tourism   productivity capacity maintenances of agriculture fields and forests      ENVIRONMENT EXPERTISE      air pollution control, soil and water   environmental risk evaluation   impact studies, environmental expertise   implementation of plant-energy-environment report   ecological prophylaxis using non-polluting processes    recycling and utilization of vegetal　wastes       NATURAL RESOURCES EXPERTISE      expertise of agriculture, horticulture, and forests resources   utilization of natural resources   European integration programs.      ENTREPRENORIAL EXPERTISE    business plan in agriculture    Archiving   Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.   Plagiarism Policy   The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 