<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Wild ungulates are of fundamental importance for balancing ecosystems, as well as being the species of economic interest. Increasing concern over the accelerated population reduction of these species has resulted in the development of assisted reproduction techniques, such as <italic>in vitro</italic> fertilization (IVF), as a tool for conservation and multiplication. In the present scenario, IVF protocols were developed based on the methodologies used for domestic ungulates. Nevertheless, owing to the physiological and reproductive differences among the species, several factors associated with IVF and its relationship with the characteristics of the species of interest require clarification. <italic>In vitro</italic> conditions for the collection and selection of female and male gametes, oocyte maturation, sperm capacitation, co-incubation of gametes, and embryonic development can influence IVF results. Therefore, the present review considers the main advances in the methodologies already used for wild ungulates, emphasizing the strategies for improving the protocols to obtain better efficiency rates. Additionally, we discuss the conditions of each IVF stage, with emphasis on aspects related to <italic>in vitro</italic> manipulation and comparability with the protocols for domestic ungulates.</p>
</abstract>

Wild ungulates are of fundamental importance for balancing ecosystems, as well as being the species of economic interest. Increasing concern over the accelerated population reduction of these species has resulted in the development of assisted reproduction techniques, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), as a tool for conservation and multiplication. In the present scenario, IVF protocols were developed based on the methodologies used for domestic ungulates. Nevertheless, owing to the physiological and reproductive differences among the species, several factors associated with IVF and its relationship with the characteristics of the species of interest require clarification. In vitro conditions for the collection and selection of female and male gametes, oocyte maturation, sperm capacitation, co-incubation of gametes, and embryonic development can influence IVF results. Therefore, the present review considers the main advances in the methodologies already used for wild ungulates, emphasizing the strategies for improving the protocols to obtain better efficiency rates. Additionally, we discuss the conditions of each IVF stage, with emphasis on aspects related to in vitro manipulation and comparability with the protocols for domestic ungulates.

Embryo production by <italic>in vitro</italic> fertilization in wild ungulates: progress and perspectives – A Review

Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region

Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation

Annals of Animal Science

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Embryo production by  fertilization in wild ungulates: progress and perspectives – A Review

Wild ungulates are of fundamental importance for balancing ecosystems, as well as being the species of economic interest. Increasing concern over the...

Embryo production by in vitro fertilization in wild ungulates: progress and perspectives – A Review

Published Online: Oct 29, 2022

Page range: 1151 - 1162

Received: Aug 24, 2021

Accepted: Jan 04, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0013

Keywords
wildlife conservation, assisted reproduction, fertilization, gametes, embryos

© 2022 Maria Valéria de Oliveira Santos et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Embryo production by in vitro fertilization in wild ungulates: progress and perspectives – A Review

Published Online: Oct 29, 2022

Page range: 1151 - 1162

Received: Aug 24, 2021

Accepted: Jan 04, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0013

Keywordswildlife conservation, assisted reproduction, fertilization, gametes, embryos

© 2022 Maria Valéria de Oliveira Santos et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
wildlife conservation, assisted reproduction, fertilization, gametes, embryos