Copro-prevalence and risk factor assessment of gastrointestinal parasitism in Indian domestic pigs
, , and | Jan 25, 2020
About this article
Published Online: Jan 25, 2020
Page range: 28 - 36
Received: Feb 02, 2019
Accepted: Dec 23, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0011
Keywords
© 2020 D. Sharma, N. K. Singh, H. Singh, S. S. Rath, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.
Agro-climatic Zone-wise prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs in Punjab.
| Number of samples | Number of positive samples (%) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agro-climatic Zone | Examined | Positive (%) | Mixed Infection (%) | Amphistome | Coccidia | Strongyle | ||||
| Sub-mountain undulating | 130 | 14(10.8) | 1(0.8) | 2(1.5) | 0 | 2(1.5) | 4(3.1) | 0 | 7(5.4) | 0 |
| Undulating plain | 110 | 22(20.0) | 7(6.4) | 6(5.5) | 6(5.5) | 2(1.8) | 6(5.5) | 0 | 7(6.4) | 2(1.8) |
| Central plain | 342 | 122(35.7) | 34(9.9) | 50(14.6) | 20(5.8) | 11(3.2) | 39(11.4) | 12(3.5) | 15(4.4) | 8(2.3) |
| Western plain | 31 | 11(35.5) | 5(16.1) | 8(25.8) | 2(6.5) | 2(6.5) | 7(22.6) | 0 | 3(9.7) | 0 |
| Western | 226 | 69(30.5) | 16(7.1) | 27(11.9) | 10(4.4) | 11(4.9) | 23(10.2) | 6(2.7) | 22(9.7) | 5(2.2) |
| Total | 839 | 238(28.4) | 63(7.5) | 93(11.1) | 38(4.5) | 28(3.3) | 79(9.4) | 18(2.1) | 54(6.4) | 15(1.8) |
| 0 | 0.005 | 0.0001 | 0.09 | 0.322 | 0.003 | 0.05 | 0.123 | 0.44 | ||
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs of different age groups.
| Number of samples | Number of positive samples (%) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Examined | Positive (%) | Mixed Infection (%) | Amphistome | Coccidia | Strongyle | ||||
| Piglet (<4m) | 341 | 101 (29.6) | 25 (7.3) | 40(11.7) | 18(5.3) | 0 | 44(12.9) | 5(1.5) | 20(5.9) | 6(1.8) |
| Grower (4-8m) | 228 | 66 (28.9) | 18(7.9) | 28(12.3) | 12(5.5) | 17(7.5) | 16(7.0) | 4(1.8) | 15(6.6) | 3(1.3) |
| Adult (>8m) | 270 | 71 (26.3) | 20 (7.4) | 25 (9.3) | 8(3.0) | 11(4.07) | 19(7.0) | 9(3.3) | 19(7.0) | 6(2.2) |
| Total | 839 | 238 (28.4) | 63 (7.5) | 93(11.3) | 38(4.6) | 28 (3.4) | 79(9.4) | 18(2.1) | 54(6.6) | 15(1.8) |
| 0.66 | 0.966 | 0.50 | 0.32 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.85 | 0.74 | ||
Prevalence of various gastrointestinal parasites of pigs under different management systems in Punjab.
| Number of samples | Number of positive samples (%) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Management system | Examined | Positive (%) | Mixed Infections (%) | Amphistome | Strongyle | ||||||
| Type of farm | Organised | 372 | 91(24.5) | 20(5.4) | 32(8.6) | 16(4.3) | 7(1.9) | 32(8.6) | 3(0.8) | 15(4) | 1(0.3) |
| Unorganised | 409 | 143(34.9) | 39 (9.5) | 61(14.9) | 22(5.4) | 18(4.4) | 42(10.3) | 15(3.7) | 33(8.1) | 14(3.4) | |
| 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.007 | 0.48 | 0.04 | 0.42 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.002 | |||
| Deworming | Absent | 348 | 135(38.8) | 33(9.5) | 60(17.2) | 21(6) | 15(4.3) | 41(11.8) | 10(2.9) | 35(10.1) | 9(2.6) |
| Present | 418 | 93(22.2) | 24(5.7) | 32(7.7) | 14(3.3) | 8(1.9) | 33(7.9) | 8(1.9) | 11(2.6) | 6(1.4) | |
| 0.000 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 0.25 | |||
| Cleanliness | Present | 375 | 94(25.1) | 20(5.3) | 34(9.1) | 16(4.3) | 8(2.1) | 31(8.3) | 3(0.8) | 16(4.3) | 1(0.3) |
| Absent | 391 | 134(34.3) | 37(9.5) | 58(14.8) | 19(4.9) | 15(3.8) | 43(11) | 15(3.8) | 30(7.7) | 14(3.6) | |
| 0.000 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.201 | 0.006 | 0.05 | 0.001 | |||
| Water consumption | Controlled | 675 | 188(27.9) | 47(7) | 69(10.2) | 33(4.9) | 20(3) | 61(9) | 14(2.1) | 42(6.2) | 11(1.6) |
| Uncontrolled | 41 | 17(41.5) | 7(17.1) | 10 | 0 | 2(4.9) | 10(24.4) | 4(9.8) | 1(2.4) | 0 | |
| 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.005 | 0.14 | 0.49 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.322 | 0.41 | |||
Sex-wise prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs in Punjab.
| Sex | Number of samples | Number of positive samples (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Examined | Positive (%) | Mixed Infection (%) | Amphistome | Coccidia | Strongyle | |||||
| Male | 341 | 97 (28.4) | 15(4.4) | 39(11.4) | 13(3.8) | 8 (2.3) | 25 (7.3) | 6(1.8) | 21(6.2) | 6(1.8) |
| Female | 498 | 141 (28.3) | 48(9.6) | 54(10.8) | 25(5.0) | 20(4.0) | 54(10.8) | 12(2.4) | 33(6.6) | 9(1.8) |
| Total | 839 | 238 (28.4) | 63(7.5) | 93(11.3) | 38(4.6) | 28 (3.4) | 79(9.4) | 18(2.1) | 54(6.6) | 15(1.8) |
| 0.97 | 0.005 | 0.78 | 0.41 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.52 | 0.78 | 0.95 | ||
Seasonal prevalence of various gastrointestinal parasites of pigs in Punjab.
| Number of samples | Number of positive samples (%) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season | Examined | Positive (%) | Mixed Infection (%) | Amphistome | Coccidia | Strongyle | ||||
| Rainy | 397 | 104(26.2) | 35(8.8) | 31(7.8) | 25(6.3) | 11(2.8) | 48(12.1) | 7(1.8) | 28(7.1) | 9(2.3) |
| Winter | 121 | 56(46.3) | 10(8.3) | 28(23.1) | 0 | 3(2.5) | 21(17.4) | 6(5.0) | 11(9.1) | 0(0) |
| Summer | 321 | 78(24.3) | 18(5.6) | 34(10.6) | 13(4) | 14(4.4) | 10(3.1) | 5(1.6) | 15(4.7) | 6(1.9) |
| Total | 839 | 238(28.4) | 63(7.5) | 93(11.1) | 38(4.5) | 28(3.3) | 79(9.4) | 18(2.1) | 54(6.4) | 15(1.8) |
| 0.001 | 0.25 | 0.0001 | 0.012 | 0.42 | 0 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.25 | ||