<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>Few pieces of research have focused on <italic>Micrococcus luteus</italic> bloodstream infection (BSI) because of its low incidence; hence data is needed to illustrate this uncommon infection. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of patients with <italic>M. luteus</italic> BSI. From January 2010 to December 2019, inpatients that met the criteria for <italic>M. luteus</italic> BSI were included in this study. Data was collected by reviewing electronic records. Ninety-seven patients were enrolled in this study. Sixty-three percent of the patients have a higher neutrophil percentage (NEUT%). The average blood C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration was 5.5 ± 6.4 mg/dl. 48.5% of the patients had malignancy, and 40.2% underwent invasive surgeries. Linezolid was found to have the largest average diameter of the inhibition zone (36 mm), while erythromycin was found to have the smallest average zone diameter (15 mm). However, some <italic>M. luteus</italic> strains had a potentially broad antimicrobial resistance spectrum. Cephalosporins (59.2%) and quinolones (21.4%) were the most commonly used antibiotics for empirical therapies. In conclusion, <italic>M. luteus</italic> BSI mainly happens in immunocompromised patients or those with former invasive surgeries or indwelling catheters. <italic>M. luteus</italic> strains are less responsive to erythromycin. Cephalosporins and quinolones are effective empirical antibiotics for <italic>M. luteus</italic> BSI; however, vancomycin and teicoplanin should be considered for potentially broadly drug-resistant <italic>M. luteus</italic> strains.<fig id="j_pjm-2021-030_fig_001" position="float" fig-type="figure"><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_pjm-2021-030_fig_001.jpg"></graphic></fig></p></abstract>

Few pieces of research have focused on Micrococcus luteus bloodstream infection (BSI) because of its low incidence; hence data is needed to illustrate this uncommon infection. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of patients with M. luteus BSI. From January 2010 to December 2019, inpatients that met the criteria for M. luteus BSI were included in this study. Data was collected by reviewing electronic records. Ninety-seven patients were enrolled in this study. Sixty-three percent of the patients have a higher neutrophil percentage (NEUT%). The average blood C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration was 5.5 ± 6.4 mg/dl. 48.5% of the patients had malignancy, and 40.2% underwent invasive surgeries. Linezolid was found to have the largest average diameter of the inhibition zone (36 mm), while erythromycin was found to have the smallest average zone diameter (15 mm). However, some M. luteus strains had a potentially broad antimicrobial resistance spectrum. Cephalosporins (59.2%) and quinolones (21.4%) were the most commonly used antibiotics for empirical therapies. In conclusion, M. luteus BSI mainly happens in immunocompromised patients or those with former invasive surgeries or indwelling catheters. M. luteus strains are less responsive to erythromycin. Cephalosporins and quinolones are effective empirical antibiotics for M. luteus BSI; however, vancomycin and teicoplanin should be considered for potentially broadly drug-resistant M. luteus strains.

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with <italic>Micrococcus luteus</italic> Bloodstream Infection in a Chinese Tertiary-Care Hospital

Polish Journal of Microbiology

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with  Bloodstream Infection in a Chinese Tertiary-Care Hospital

Few pieces of research have focused on Micrococcus luteus bloodstream infection (BSI) because of its low incidence; hence data is needed to illustrate this...

Variable	Value
Age (year), mean ± SD (range)	51.9 ± 22.0 (2-92)
Age ≤ 12	8 (8.2)
Age ≥ 60	38 (39.2)
Male	61 (62.9)
BMI, mean ± SD (range)	22.6 ± 4.5 (13.4-35.4)
SOFA Score, mean ± SD (range)	1.4 ± 1.8 (0-8)
Infection type
Hospital-acquired	70 (72.2)
Community-acquired	27 (27.8)
Hospitalization time (day), mean ± SD (range)	32.2 ± 36.4 (6-267)
Polymicrobial bloodstream infection	5 (5.2)
Symptom
Fever	87 (89.7)
Chill	18 (18.6)
Fatigue	12 (12.4)
Maximal body temperature (T, °C), mean ± SD (range)	38.7 ± 0.9 (36.5-41.0)
37.2 < T ≤ 38	8 (8.2)
38 < T ≤ 39	43 (44.3)
39<T<41	36 (37.1)
WBC count (× 10⁹/l), mean ± SD (range)	7.9 ± 4.3 (0.6-21.8)
WBC count above 10 × 10⁹/l (n = 95)	31 (32.6)
NEUT%, mean ± SD (range)	72.2 ± 18.3 (4-97.6)
NEUT% above 70% (n = 92)	58 (63.0)
CRP concentration (mg/dl), mean ± SD (range)	5.5 ± 6.4 (0.09-33.5)
CRP above 0.8 mg/dl (n = 79)	60 (75.9)
Underlying diseases
Malignancy	47 (48.5)
Immune diseases	15 (15.5)
Infectious diseases	13 (13.4)
Risk factors
Underwent invasive surgery	39 (40.2)
With indwelling catheter	37 (38.1)
ICU stay	15 (15.5)
Any of the above	65 (67.0)
Outcome
Survive	94 (96.9)
Died	3 (3.1)
Causes of death
Lung infection, renal failure	1 (33.3)
Pancreatic cancer, hepatic encephalopathy	1 (33.3)
Acute leukemia	1 (33.3)

Antimicrobial agent	Number of samples	Average diameter of inhibition zone (mm)
Linezolid	90	36
Cefoxitin	88	35
Rifampin	87	33
Cefazolin	89	32
Penicillin	90	32
Ampicillin-sulbactam	89	31
Cefuroxime	88	31
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole	90	29
Ertapenem	90	27
Gentamycin	90	26
Vancomycin	88	25
Levofloxacin	90	25
Clindamycin	90	25
Erythromycin	89	15

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Micrococcus luteus Bloodstream Infection in a Chinese Tertiary-Care Hospital

Article Category: original-paper

Published Online: Sep 17, 2021

Page range: 321 - 326

Received: Apr 19, 2021

Accepted: Jul 12, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-030

Keywords
antimicrobial resistance, bloodstream infection, clinical characteristics,

© 2021 Minghui Zhu et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Characteristics of the patients with M. luteus BSI.

Results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Micrococcus luteus Bloodstream Infection in a Chinese Tertiary-Care Hospital

Article Category: original-paper

Published Online: Sep 17, 2021

Page range: 321 - 326

Received: Apr 19, 2021

Accepted: Jul 12, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-030

Keywordsantimicrobial resistance, bloodstream infection, clinical characteristics,

© 2021 Minghui Zhu et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Characteristics of the patients with M. luteus BSI.

Results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests

Keywords
antimicrobial resistance, bloodstream infection, clinical characteristics,