Periodontal Disease: Correlation with Histological and Immunological Parameters

Periodontal disease is inflammatory pathological conditions in the gingiva and dental support structures that usually results in extracellular matrix and connective tissue destruction. During periodontitis, inflammatory cells facilitate collagen and connective tissue loss, affects the number and activity of fibroblasts and its production of local collagen networks. Aim of this study was to evaluate collagen density and accumulation of collagen producing fibroblast and macrophages in affected tissue of periodontal disease. Histological and immunohistochemical analyzes were performed on paraffin embedded tissue sections of gingival biopsies, obtained from 30 patients with diagnosis of periodontal disease and 10 healthy donors. Tissue sections of gingival of patients with periodontal disease had significantly decreased collagen volume density and visible fragmentation and lysis of the collagen fibers, decreased number of fibroblasts, accompanied with increased accumulation of macrophages. Presented data implicate that macrophages accumulation may be the cause of enzyme mediated collagen destruction