<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The heat content of wastewater presents a great but still widely unused potential for energy supply. The thermal energy recovered through heat exchangers and heat pumps can be used for the heating (and cooling) of buildings and even for hot water production. At the moment, at least about 500 installations are operated on a global scale, and most experiences are available in Switzerland. In Austria, some wastewater heat recovery systems are also already under operation, for instance in Amstetten and in Weiz. However, due to the lack of superordinate strategies for planning, implementing, and operating wastewater heat recovery systems on federal and provincial level, the Austrian installations are primarily the result of personal initiatives of local stakeholders. This paper gives a general overview of different policy instruments for initializing and further promoting wastewater heat recovery as well as potential operating models for related heat supply systems and conducts a related comparison with the current Austrian situation. The information gained can serve as an input for the development of an initialization program for wastewater heat recovery on Austrian national level.</abstract>

Thermal use of wastewater – Policy instruments for initialization and potential operating models / Thermische Nutzung von Abwasser – Instrumente zur Verbreitung und mögliche Betreibermodelle

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The expansion of existing pulp mills with additional technology processing concepts to forest-based biorefineries implies high risks. A stakeholder-integrated strategy development is therefore more likely to open up such new business opportunities. Therefore, this paper aims to develop and verify a feasible approach. For this purpose, Porter’s deliberate strategy was extended in context of a case study on the production of hemicelluloses for value-added food markets. Considering two different strategies based on technological approaches, the case of pre-extraction can be given preference considering the interests of involved stakeholders regarding food additive marketing. The implementation process of a forest biorefinery remains widely case dependent, but nonetheless this paper provides some guidance concerning realization steps. The study proved that vast concordance between three different stakeholder groups can be achieved in case of two complex options. Hence, coordination of stakeholder interests is feasible in context of technology implementation strategy development.</abstract>

Austrian Energy Agency, Mariahilfer Straße 136, 1150 Wien,

Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute for Marketing and Innovation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Feistmantelstraße 4, 1180 Wien,

Chair of Marketing and Management of Biogenic Resources, Straubing Centre of Science, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing,

Market Analysis & Innovation Research, Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz,

Institute of Systems Sciences, Innovation and Sustainability Research, University of Graz, Merangasse 18/I, 8010 Graz,

From wood to food: Approaching stakeholder integration in forest-based biorefinery development / Vom Holz zum Lebensmittel: Ein Beitrag zur Integration von Stakeholdern bei der Entwicklung von Holz-Bioraffinerien

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">The flavin and heme cofactor containing enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is ubiquitously distributed in wood-degrading fungi. Current research provides compelling evidence that CDH is an activator for cellulolytic monooxygenases, which enhance the accessibility of crystalline cellulose surfaces for hydrolases. Such oxidative cellulose degradation contributes to the overall cellulolytic capabilities of wood decaying fungi to a large extent, and holds great potential to improve the efficiency of commercial enzyme mixtures for biomass processing and biofuel production. This review summarizes current literature with regard to the distribution, structure and physiological role of CDH in the light of recent findings.</abstract>

Cellobiose dehydrogenase: An essential enzyme for lignocellulose degradation in nature – A review / Cellobiosedehydrogenase: Ein essentielles Enzym für den Lignozelluloseabbau in der Natur – Eine Übersicht

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Knowing the components of a soil water balance—for example, evapotranspiration, soil water content, and precipitation—is the basis for agricultural water management. Weighing lysimeters and soil water sensors are commonly used to quantify these components. Data can be used to validate common models to estimate evapotranspiration based on meteorological data, for instance. As every measurement device has its own characteristics, it is helpful to assess and improve the performance of a system to obtain best possible data. Recent developments in the processing of lysimeter data allow determining both evapotranspiration and precipitation directly from lysimeter data. Resulting datasets are characterized by a proper accuracy, completeness, and a high temporal resolution. Soil water sensors usually measure a physical property that is related to soil water content or matric potential via a specific calibration function. Hence, measurement accuracy depends not only on this calibration but also on basic physical principles and material properties. Knowing the performance of a device is, therefore, essential for the selection of an adequate sensor arrangement and truthful data interpretation. Advanced soil water monitoring sites combine different sensor types that are integrated into a wireless network to enable real-time data availability and provide a basis for large-scale monitoring.</abstract>

A review on the quantification of soil water balance components as a basis for agricultural water management with a focus on weighing lysimeters and soil water sensors / Ein Überblick über die Ermittlung von Wasserhaushaltsgrößen als Basis für die landeskulturelle Wasserwirtschaft mit Fokus auf Lysimeter und Bodenwassersensoren

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Two <italic>in vitro</italic> methods were tested to establish their potential to predict the metabolizable energy (ME) content of forage legumes: the Tilley and Terry (TT) method and the pepsin-cellulase method (CM). Different samples of white clover (<italic>Trifolium repens</italic> L.), red clover (<italic>Trifolium pratense</italic> L.), kura clover (<italic>Trifolium ambiguum</italic> M. Bieb.), lucerne (<italic>Medicago sativa</italic> L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (<italic>Lotus corniculatus</italic> L.) were derived from field trials with several defoliation systems at two sites. The CM was more precise due to its repeatability within and between analysis runs, but eventually overestimated the ME contents of the samples, as it was shown for the standard samples with known <italic>in vivo</italic> digestibility. ME contents were found to be consistently higher based on CM, with a difference of up to 1.5 MJ ME/kg DM compared to TT. Although white clover was, in general, the species with the highest ME content, the influence of legume species over all cuts and defoliation systems was inconsistent. Such observations may influence the method of choice for ME estimation for large datasets.</abstract>

Institute of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Products and Nutrition Physiology (TTE), Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Wien,

Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture Group, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald Str. 9, 24118 Kiel,

Grassland Management and Cultural Landscape, Institute for Plant Production and Cultural Landscape, Agricultural Research and Education Center Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Raumberg 38, 8952 Irdning,

Using <italic>in vitro</italic> methods to estimate metabolizable energy content of five forage legumes harvested under different defoliation systems / Einsatz von <italic>in vitro</italic> Methoden zur Schätzung der umsetzbaren Energie in fünf Futterleguminosen aus unterschiedlichen Nutzungssystemen

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Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment

“Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment” is an interdisciplinary forum dedicated to all aspects of research in the rural area. Our aim is to provide an international outlet for new results in all disciplines of land management, food, environment and related sciences.  The journal publishes in an open access model.  Rejection Rate   10 % (2014)   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process.  Copyright Policy  The work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.  Peer Review process  The journal uses a double-blind reviewing process, thus authors remain anonymous to referees and referees remain anonymous to authors. 

Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment

Volume 67 (2016): Issue 3 (September 2016)

Research Article

Thermal use of wastewater – Policy instruments for initialization and potential operating models / Thermische Nutzung von Abwasser – Instrumente zur Verbreitung und mögliche Betreibermodelle

From wood to food: Approaching stakeholder integration in forest-based biorefinery development / Vom Holz zum Lebensmittel: Ein Beitrag zur Integration von Stakeholdern bei der Entwicklung von Holz-Bioraffinerien

Cellobiose dehydrogenase: An essential enzyme for lignocellulose degradation in nature – A review / Cellobiosedehydrogenase: Ein essentielles Enzym für den Lignozelluloseabbau in der Natur – Eine Übersicht

Using in vitro methods to estimate metabolizable energy content of five forage legumes harvested under different defoliation systems / Einsatz von in vitro Methoden zur Schätzung der umsetzbaren Energie in fünf Futterleguminosen aus unterschiedlichen Nutzungssystemen

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