<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Diversity within top management teams (TMTs) has significant implications for firm financial performance, particularly in dynamic industries like the automotive sector. This paper analyzes the relationship between TMT diversity and financial outcomes in companies associated with the Volkswagen Group, operating in an intensely competitive market marked by technological advancements. This comprehensive paper synthesizes studies investigating the correlation between TMT diversity and financial performance within the automotive domain. Employing quantitative approaches, these studies assess demographic factors such as gender, age, ethnicity, and educational background. The analysis unveils distinct patterns of impact. Gender diversity within TMTs exhibits a positive influence on financial performance, with heightened profitability and increased market value being notable outcomes. Age diversity shows a nuanced trend, with moderate levels enhancing strategic decision-making capabilities and fostering innovation. Increased ethnic diversity within TMTs is associated with elevated innovation and overall firm performance. Furthermore, educational diversity within TMTs is found to bolster firm performance, underscoring its pivotal role in strategic decision-making and innovation. By offering a comprehensive synthesis of TMT diversity’s connection to financial performance within the Volkswagen Group’s context, this paper contributes novel perspectives. The study emphasizes the methodologies utilized, outlines key findings, and underscores the original contributions made by existing research. This study illuminates the profound influence of TMT diversity on shaping strategic decisions and fostering innovation in the automotive sector. Importantly, it highlights the crucial role of TMT diversity in driving positive financial outcomes.
</abstract>

Top management team diversity impact on financial performance: Evidence from VW Group affiliated firms

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Emerging nations are often distressed if their current administration and governance do not align with social and national needs. Among these worries, there is the fear of public funds misconduct and corruption in the nation’s major institutions. Indeed, inadequate administration results in embezzlement of funds, tax evasion, and low bureaucratic quality in all sectors. This study was undertaken to address the role of impartial administration specifically in the financial sector. The research considered a sample size composed of 12 countries from Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa in the period of 2000 to 2021. The net interest margin was considered a proxy for financial performance measurement. Additionally, an ordinary least squares and quantile regression was performed to record the effect of the variables on financial sector performance. Within this context, the findings exhibited different outcomes for these regions. For instance, in the Latin America region, the results revealed that public sector theft, bureaucratic quality, corruption level, local government index, and inflation have a negative impact on the performance of the financial sector while impartial public administration demonstrated a positive impact on financial performance. On the other hand, the Sub-Saharan African region demonstrated that bureaucratic quality, local government index, and inflation have a significant and positive impact on financial performance, whereas executive embezzlement and theft, corruption level, and government final expenditures were shown to negatively influence financial performance. Finally, the study’s findings provides insights into the policies and strategies to implement in order to support the financial framework.
</abstract>

The role of impartial administration in financial sector performance: A comparative study of Latin America and Sub-Saharan African countries

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Risk management is a complex process that requires company managers to have very good knowledge of its organizational structure on the one hand and on the other hand, in order to achieve a good management, it is necessary for the respective manager to have sufficient long-term experience during which the manager has monitored the processes of company management and its susceptibility and change under the influence of various factors. The overall risk management process goes through three main stages: identification of risks, analysis and assessment of risks and risk monitoring. Each stage is a compilation of complex procedures through which the problems and risks for the respective enterprise are determined and overcome. For this reason, the strictness, importance and significance of each stage cannot be accurately determined. Due to the limited scope of the article, the research is focused only on one of the main problems in risk management, namely the study of the standard deviation of the risk in the process of assessing and analyzing the risks in tourism sector enterprises. The article has the following structure: Introduction, References review, Methodology, Results and Discussion. Two hypotheses are presented for testing and research. Proving these two hypotheses through the application of the mathematical toolkit for risk assessment gives the innovativeness of the article and its authorial identity, which distinguishes it from other publications in the field of tourism sector. The obtained results of this article can serve the managers of tourism companies to improve their work in the management of hotels. The process of identifying, testing, evaluating and analyzing risks is complex, requiring managers to have sound knowledge of finance, accounting, economics and management. This article can provide them with guidance for solving specific problems and making managerial decisions about risk management.
</abstract>

Risk assesment as a stage of risk management in enterprise in tourism sector

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The purpose of this study is to compare financial performance of the Islamic banks in the COVID-19 Era. The performance evaluation was conducted on seven Islamic countries between 2017 and 2021. Entropy Method was utilized to choose the best performance evaluation criteria affecting the Islamic banks’ performance and Waspas Method was used to determine the best performing Islamic country. The results indicate that ‘liquid assets to short-term liabilities’ is the best performance criteria for Islamic banks during the ‘whole period’, ‘no pandemic period’ and ‘pandemic period’. Additionally, while the Islamic country with the best performance was Bangladesh during ‘no pandemic period’, Turkey was the leading Islamic country for both ‘whole period’ and ‘pandemic period’.
</abstract>

Entropy-Based Waspas approach for financial performance in the COVID-19 era: Evidence from Islamic countries

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

To maintain financial stability, banks need to recognize, assess, and mitigate potential losses, thus making risk control critical for long-term profitability as well as avoiding unexpected losses. This research examines the risk mitigating factors and performance of Ghanaian domestic banks in terms of capital adequacy, bank size, bank efficiency, and profitability, along with their association with systemic risk in the bank sector, as measured by the Z-score: Insolvency Risk - (µROA) plus capital asset ratio (equity capital divided by sum of all assets further divided by the standard deviation-(ƠROA) with a higher score for banks as a measure of bank stability. The study further explores the relationship between this ratio and the explanatory variables for a sample of 11 banks operating in Ghana between 2010 and 2021. Analysis of the data using the fixed effects model shows that profitability and bank efficiency are significant and affect the stability of banks positively. Bank size, on the other hand, is significant but negatively affects the stability of banks. Bank profitability is critical to stabilizing and protecting the banking sector from external shocks; as a result, this study suggests that bank management apply prudent practices to profitability-driven indicators and that the banking sector regulations be congruent with macro-prudential policies.
</abstract>

An assessment of the risk mitigating factors in Ghana’s Bank Industry

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Exchange rate and its related risk management are too important for main participants in foreign exchange markets. There are many approaches developed in the literature for studying risk management say arbitrage detection, say finding replication portfolio. However, in the current paper, arbitrage opportunities are studied using the game theory perspective. This paper proposes different types of games played in a specified foreign exchange market in the presence of three exchange rates. Proposed games are exchange rate games in two cases of no arbitrage and existence of arbitrage, optimal stopping game, the arbitrage game, threshold strategies used in global game and Non-cooperative exchange rate game. Most of cases, the bang-bang rule of optimal control is used for finding the Nash equilibriums (NE). However, simulated and stochastic approximation (SA) solutions are also given. Most highlights of the current paper are: (I) considering two types of arbitrage opportunities, simultaneously, (II) translating arbitrage detection as game theory concepts, (III) solving the problem using techniques of optimal control theory. Finally concluding remarks are proposed.
</abstract>

Games in a foreign exchange market and solutions

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

This paper aims to assess the level of credit risk (from the perspective of default risk) among Polish households associated with the physical risks of climate change. In order to determine the potential impact of the physical risk of climate change on household credit risk, we conducted CAWI interviews with 1,006 borrowers residing in different Polish voivodeships (to account for heterogeneity of credit exposures to extreme weather events). According to these respondents, wildfires and storms in Poland are the greatest source of physical risk of climate change. In the event of a wildfire or storm, approximately 13% of borrowers would not be able to repay their loans while not being insured, which potentially increases banks’ credit risk and exposes banks to losses. However, we find that households underestimate the credit risk that could arise from a drought.
</abstract>

Polish household default risk and physical risk of climate change

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

In Turkey, the housing market is affected by various factors, and housing prices are shaped according to current conditions. In this study, the relationship between the housing price index (HPI) and economic variables (inflation and exchange rate) in Turkey was investigated. We used a 10-year time period for this study, from January-2010 to December-2019, with monthly data frequency. For our research, we employ the Wavelet Coherence Transformation (WCT) method. The results show that there is a positive relationship between inflation and housing prices in the short and long run. In addition, a continuous rise in inflation led to an increase in housing prices all over the period from 2010 to 2019. The findings of this study can aid in achieving the goal of the research by offering evidence-based perceptions of how housing prices and different economic variables are related. Housing costs in Turkey increased as a result of the substantial likelihood that the Turkish lira would weaken. The expansion of global inflation is a further anticipated factor contributing to the rise in housing costs in Turkey. This study can also be used by investors to help them decide whether to engage in the Turkish real estate industry.
</abstract>

A 10-Year Analysis of Housing Prices and The Influence of Economic Factors in Turkey

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