Open Access

Perceived Gender Equality in Managerial Positions in Organizations


Cite

Adams, G.A, King, L.A. & King, D.W. (1996). Relationships of job and family involvement, family social support, and work-family conflict with job and life satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81 (4), 411-420, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.81.4.41110.1037/0021-9010.81.4.411Search in Google Scholar

Austrian Institute for SME Research. (2010). Study on non-legislative initiatives for companies to promote gender equality at the workplace. EU Commission - DG Employment (ed.), Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities.Search in Google Scholar

Bagozzi, R.P. & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation model. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16 (1), 74-94, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00920703880160010710.1007/BF02723327Search in Google Scholar

Baldwin, M.L., Butler, R.J. & Johnson, W. (2001). A hierarchical theory of occupational segregation and wage discrimination. Economic Inquiry, 39 (1), 94-110, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2001.tb00053.x10.1111/j.1465-7295.2001.tb00053.xSearch in Google Scholar

Bardwick, J.M. (1980). The seasons of a woman’s life, in McGuigan D. (ed.). Women’s lives: New theory, research, and policy, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Center for Continuing Education of Women, 35-55.Search in Google Scholar

Bardwick, J.M. (1986). The plateauing trap: How to avoid it in your career. . . and your life. New York: AMA-COM.Search in Google Scholar

Bockerman, P. & Ilmakunnas, P. (2009). Job disamenities, job satisfaction, quit intentions, and actual separations: Putting the pieces together. Industrial Relations, 48, 73-96, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.2008.00546.x10.1111/j.1468-232X.2008.00546.xSearch in Google Scholar

Burke, R. (2000). Women on corporate boards of directors: Understanding the context, in Burke, R., Mattis, M. (eds). Women on corporate boards of directors: International challenges and opportunities, Doordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.10.1007/978-90-481-3401-4Search in Google Scholar

Byrne, B. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York: Taylor & Francis Group.Search in Google Scholar

Carr, J.Z., Aaron, M. Schmidt, J., Ford, K. & DeShon, R.P. (2003). Climate perceptions matter: A meta-analytic path analysis relating molar climate, cognitive and affective states, and individual level work outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 605-619.10.1037/0021-9010.88.4.605Search in Google Scholar

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd ed. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillside.Search in Google Scholar

Consolidated version of the treaty on European Union. (2012). Official Journal of the European Union, C326, 55, 13-46.Search in Google Scholar

Dolan, J. (2004). Gender equity: Illusion or reality for women in the federal executive service?. Public Administration Review, 64, 299-308, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2004.00374.x10.1111/j.1540-6210.2004.00374.xSearch in Google Scholar

Drew, E. & Murtagh, E.M. (2005). Work/life balance: senior management champions or laggards. Women in Management Review, 20 (4), 262-278, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/0964942051059908910.1108/09649420510599089Search in Google Scholar

Duflo, E. (2012). Women empowerment and economic development. Journal of Economic Literature, 4 (59), 1051-1079, http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.50.4.105110.1257/jel.50.4.1051Search in Google Scholar

European Commission. (2010a). A strengthened commitment to equality between women and men a women’s charter, [Online] Available August 8th, 2015 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex-:52010DC0078Search in Google Scholar

European Commission. (2010b). Europa 2020. A Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, European Commission, Brussels, [Online] Available August 8th, 2015 from http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/index_en.htmSearch in Google Scholar

European Commission. (2011a). Report on progress on equality between women and men in 2010: The gender balance in business leadership, Publication Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.Search in Google Scholar

European Commission. (2011b). Women in decision-making positions. Eurobarometer, [Online] Available August 8th, 2015 from http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_376_en.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

European Commission. (2011c). Strategy of equality between women and men 2010-2015. Publication Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, [Online] Available August 8th, 2015 from http://ec.europa.eu/justice/gender-equality/files/strategy_equality_women_men_en.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

European Commission. (2014a). Report on equality between women and men 2014, [Online] Available October 15th, 2015 from http://ec.europa.eu/justice/gender-equality/files/annual_reports/150304_annual_report_2014_web_en.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

European Commission. (2014b). Improving the gender balance in company boardrooms. June 2014, [Online] Available October 15th, 2015 from http://ec.europa.eu/justice/gender-equality/files/gender_balance_decision_making/boardroom_factsheet_en.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

European Commission. (2015). Gender balance in decision-making positions, [Online] Available August 8th 2015: http://ec.europa.eu/justice/gender-equality/gender-decision-making/index_en.htmSearch in Google Scholar

European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) (2013). Gender equality index: Report, Publication Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.Search in Google Scholar

Eurostat. (2015). Gender pay gap statistics, [Online] Available August 8th, 2015 from http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Gender_pay_gap_statisticsSearch in Google Scholar

Fornell, C. & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1), 39-50.10.1177/002224378101800104Search in Google Scholar

Franc, R., Ferić, I., Rihtar, S., Maričić, J. (2010). Raširenost i obilježja diskriminacije na hrvatskom tržištu rada [The spread and the features of discrimination in the Croatian labor market], Zagreb: Hrvatski zavod za zapošljavanjeSearch in Google Scholar

Green, F. (2010). Well-being, job satisfaction and labour mobility. Labour Economics, 17, 897-903, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2010.04.00210.1016/j.labeco.2010.04.002Search in Google Scholar

Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. & Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Search in Google Scholar

Heilman, M.E. & Parks-Stamm, E.J. (2007). Gender stereotypes in the workplace: Obstacles to women’s career progress, in Correll, S.J. (ed.): Social psychology of gender: Advances in group processes, Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 24, 47-77.10.1016/S0882-6145(07)24003-2Search in Google Scholar

Herzberg, F. (1968). One more time: How do you motivate employees? Harvard Business Review, 46, 53–62.Search in Google Scholar

Hitt, M.A., Bierman, L., Shimizu, K. & Kochhar, R. (2001). Direct and moderating effects of human capital on the strategy and performance in professional service firms: A resource based perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 13-28, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/306933410.2307/3069334Search in Google Scholar

Judge, T.A., Cable, D.M., Boudreau, J.W. & Bretz. R.D. (1994). An empirical investigation of the predictors of executive career success, [Online] Available August 8th, 2015 from http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1232&context=cahrswpSearch in Google Scholar

Karateppe, O.M. & Baddar, L. (2005). An empirical study of the selected consequences of frontline employees’ work–family conflict and family–work conflict. Tourism Management, 27, 1017-1028, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.10.02410.1016/j.tourman.2005.10.024Search in Google Scholar

Kock, N. (2013). WarpPLS 4.0 User Manual. ScriptWarp Systems: Laredo, Texas.Search in Google Scholar

Koenig, A.M., Eagly, A.H., Mitchell, A.A. & Ristikari, T. (2011). Are leader stereotypes masculine? A meta-analysis of three research paradigms. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 616-642, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a002355710.1037/a0023557Search in Google Scholar

Lewis, G.B. (1997). Race, sex, and performance ratings in the federal service. Public Administration Review, 57, 479-489, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/97695910.2307/976959Search in Google Scholar

Lewis, G.B. (1998). Continuing progress toward racial and gender pay equality in the federal service. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 18(2), 23-40, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371X980180020310.1177/0734371X9801800203Search in Google Scholar

Linz, S.J. & Semykina, A. (2012). What makes workers happy? Anticipated rewards and job satisfaction. Industrial Relations, 51, 811-844, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.2012.00702.x10.1111/j.1468-232X.2012.00702.xSearch in Google Scholar

Lyness, K.S. & Brumit Kropf. M. (2005). The relationships of national gender equality and organizational support with work-family balance: A study of European managers. Human Relations, 58 (1), 33-60, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872670505093410.1177/0018726705050934Search in Google Scholar

Mani, B.G. (1997). Gender and the federal senior executive service: Where is the glass ceiling. Public Personnel Management, 26, 545-559, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00910260970260041110.1177/009102609702600411Search in Google Scholar

Martins, L.L., Eddleston, K.A. & Veiga, J.F. (2002). Moderators of the relationship between work-family conflict and career satisfaction. The Academy of Management Journal, 45 (2), 399-409, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/306935410.2307/3069354Search in Google Scholar

Mishra, V., Nielson, I., Smyth, R. & Newman, A. (2014). The job satisfaction – life satisfaction relationship revisited: Using the lewbel estimation technique to estimate causal effects using cross-sectional data, Discussion paper, 26/14, Monash University.Search in Google Scholar

Mueller, C.W. & Wallace, J.E. (1996). Justice and the paradox of the contented female worker. Social Psychology Quarterly, 59 (4), 338-349, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0882-6145(08)25006-X10.1016/S0882-6145(08)25006-XSearch in Google Scholar

Munyon, T., Hochwarter, W., Perrewe, P. & Ferris, G. (2010). Optimism and the nonlinear citizenship behavior-job satisfaction relationship in three studies. Journal of Management, 36, 1505-1528, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920630935008510.1177/0149206309350085Search in Google Scholar

Netemeyer, R.G., Maxham, J.G. & Pullig, C. (2005). Conflicts in the work-family interface: Links to job stress, customer service employee performance, and customer purchase intent. Journal of Marketing, 69, 130-143, http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.69.2.130.6075810.1509/jmkg.69.2.130.60758Search in Google Scholar

Orser, B. & Leck. J. (2010). Gender influences on career success outcomes. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 25(5), 386-407, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/1754241101105687710.1108/17542411011056877Search in Google Scholar

Phelan, J. (1994). The paradox of the contented female worker: An assessment of alternative explanations. Social Psychology Quarterly, 57 (2), 95-107.10.2307/2786704Search in Google Scholar

Poggi, A. (2010). Job satisfaction, working conditions and aspirations. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31, 936-949, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2010.08.00310.1016/j.joep.2010.08.003Search in Google Scholar

Powell, G.N. & Butterfield, D.A. (1994). Investigating the “glass ceiling” phenomenon: An empirical study of actual promotions to top management. The Academy of Management Journal, 37, 68-86, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25677010.2307/256770Search in Google Scholar

Rebernik, M. & Širec, K. (2016): Stanje slovenskega podjetništva in značilnosti start-up ekosistema. Slovenski podjetniški observatorij 2015 [Condition of Slovenian entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the start-up ecosystem. Slovenian Entrepreneurship Observatory 2015]. Maribor: University of Maribor, Faculty of Economics and BusinessSearch in Google Scholar

Rice, R.W., Near, R.G. & Hunt, R.H. (1980). The job-satisfaction/life-satisfaction relationship: A review of empirical research. Basic and Social Psychology, 1 (1), 37-64.10.1207/s15324834basp0101_4Search in Google Scholar

Ryan, M.K., Haslam, S.A., Hersby, M.D. & Bongiorno, R. (2011). Think crisis–think female: Glass cliffs and contextual variation in the think manager–think male stereotype. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 470-484, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a002213310.1037/a0022133Search in Google Scholar

Sabharwal, M. (2015). From glass ceiling to glass cliff: Women in senior executive service. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 25 (2), 399-426, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mut03010.1093/jopart/mut030Search in Google Scholar

Schepers, J., Wetzels, M. & de Ruyter, R. (2005). Leadership styles in technology acceptance: Do followers practice what leaders preach? Managing Service Quality, 15 (6), 496-508, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/0960452051063399810.1108/09604520510633998Search in Google Scholar

Seguino, S. (2008). Gender, distribution, and balance of payments constrained growth in developing countries. Working Paper, September 2008.Search in Google Scholar

Semykina, A. & Linz, S.J. (2013). Job satisfaction and perceived gender equality in advanced promotion opportunities: An empirical investigation. Kyklos, 66 (4), 591-619, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/kykl.1203810.1111/kykl.12038Search in Google Scholar

Shanafelt, T.D., Boone, S., Tan, L., Dyrbye, L.N., Sotile, W., Satele, D., West, C.P., Sloan, J. & Oreskovich, M.R. (2012). Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance among US physicians relative to the general US population. Archives of Internal Medicine, 172 (18), 1377-1385, http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.319910.1001/archinternmed.2012.3199Search in Google Scholar

Shapiro, G. & Olgiati, E. (2002). Promoting gender equality in the workplace. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, [Online] Available August 8th 2015 from http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/pubdocs/2001/61/en/1/ef0161en.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

Singhapakdi, A., Sirgy, M.J., Lee, D.-J., Senasu, K.G., Yu, B. & Nisius, A.M. (2013). Gender disparity in job satisfaction of Western versus Asian managers. Journal of Business Research, april, 1-10, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.04.00410.1016/j.jbusres.2013.04.004Search in Google Scholar

Small, M. L. (2009), How many cases do I need?: On science and the logic of case selection in field-based research. Ethnography, 10(5), 5–38, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146613810809958610.1177/1466138108099586Search in Google Scholar

Sousa-Poza, A. & Sousa-Poza, A. (2007). The effect of job satisfaction on labor turnover by gender: An analysis of Switzerland. Journal of Socio-Economics, 36, 895-913, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2007.01.02210.1016/j.socec.2007.01.022Search in Google Scholar

STA. (2015). Projekt Vključi.vse v smer vpeljave kvot za manj zastopan spol [The project Include. All in the direction of introducing quotas for the less represented gender], [Online] Available October 15th, 2015 from https://www.sta.si/2194100/projekt-vkljuci-vse-v-smer-vpeljave-kvot-za-manj-zastopan-spolSearch in Google Scholar

Stewart, S.M., Bing, M.N., Gruys, M.L. & Helford, M.C. (2007). Men, women, and perceptions of work environments, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions. Journal of Business and Public Affairs, 1, 1–21.Search in Google Scholar

Stone, M. (1974). Cross-validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 36 (2), 111-147, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2984809Search in Google Scholar

Tenbrunsel, A., Brett, J., Maoz, E., Stroh, L. & Reilly, A. (1995). Dynamic and static work-family relationships. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 63, 233-246, http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1995.107610.1006/obhd.1995.1076Search in Google Scholar

Tenenhaus, M., Vinzi, V.E., Chatelin, Y.-M. & Lauro, C. (2005). PLS path modelling. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 48 (1), 159-205, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2004.03.00510.1016/j.csda.2004.03.005Search in Google Scholar

Wood, S., Van Veldhoven, M., Croon, M. & de Menezes, L.M. (2012). Enriched job design, high involvement management and organizational performance: The mediating roles of job satisfaction and well-being. Human Relations, 65, 419-445, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872671143247610.1177/0018726711432476Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
1581-1832
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Business and Economics, Business Management, Management, Organization, Corporate Governance